Designing a Data Center

Designing a Data Center A data center is a capability used to host computer systems and connected apparatus like telecommunications and storage systems. It usually includes backup power supplies, excess data communication connections, environmental controls and safety devices. IT operations are critical feature of most industrial operations; among which, business continuity is mentionable which allows companies to run their business depending on their information system. So, it is inevitable to get all available information of companys business methods to run its internal and external operations properly. It is mandatory to provide a reliable infrastructure in terms of both security and persistence for IT operations in order to reduce any chance of disturbance. A data center therefore must keep high standards for predicting the reliability and functionality of its hosted computer environment. This can be achieved through proper consulting with experts. For consulting, Edge 1 mainly offers network, high end enterprise network, datacenter selection, datacenter design from building out single rack POPs to an entire cage. We provide advice on design, offer implementation services, and tender ongoing management services. Edge 1 Data Center Consulting Services include: Project Viability Studies Data center project viability cost budgeting is achieved by applying Key Design Criteria to the two main classes of the budget of the Technology Infrastructure Services and the Support of Infrastructure Services. Accessibility Risk Management An extensive data center scrutiny to assess the capacity of the support infrastructure to provide incessant accessibility including a site assessment, an estimation of the existing load condition, a comparison to the capability limitations, detection of crucial drawbacks and possible downtime hazard, an estimation of the simultaneous safeguarding capability of the site and specialist consulting concerning advices for expansions. Power Cooling Systems Scrutiny Our specialist technicians can afford entire load profiling and coverage from straightforward spot-checking to week-long data logging. Our method combines the trade and technology skills to ensure consumer satisfaction from conception to conclusion. Project Owners Demonstration We provide consultancy to IT management team with the size necessities, power supplies and cooling requirements of approaching computer room rearrangement. We offer the array of choices when it comes to the question of selecting the ideal support, IT cable infrastructure for IT project. We provide consultation for equal representation of   IT team when attending management, architect, engineering or construction meetings. Technology Expert Format Planning From extra power supplies, 247 backup services, and multiple environment control systems; to comprehensive structure control and automation methods, and miles of connections cabling, todays industry facilities are composite. Not only are the structures themselves more intricate, but also the processes by which they are constructed. As such, the association, engineering, and teamwork require constructing them suitably and on-time are just as complicated. Our consulting services provide simplify and abridge the process for you. Site Selection Our experts facilitates our clients by providing an scrutiny of planned data center site locations together with creating abstract drawings and setting up budgets for the construction of the site. We uphold a database of data center properties in the U.S., which reduces time and cost for our client to search site. Business stability Disaster Recovery Edge 1 has experienced and veteran professionals for determining the stability and recovery necessities of your business. Our expert service provides the ways of identifying and integrating crucial business and IT precedence into a vast permanence program. Relocation Assessment Planning It is necessary to have the IT equipment relocation project team gathered and prearranged early in the design process. As production drawings are done and the construction starts, the team ought to work hard with equipment scheduling and relocation activities. Our consulting team can guide this phase with excellence.

Dream Psychology- Sigmund Freud

Dreams and the Sub-Conscious Mind The definition of a dream is a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. It is believed that dreams have always existed in human society and have been shared among members of societies dating back to 3000-4000 BC. In various societies dreams held a number of meanings and significance.Throughout history dreams have been recognized as significant symbols or signs, warnings of the future, connections between living and the dead, capable of diagnosing illness and predicting onset of diseases, temptations of the devil, and numerous other possible things. Dream interpretations, or attempts made to understand a person’s dream, date back to 3000-4000 B. C. , where they were documented on clay tablets. For as long as man has been able to talk about dreams, humans have been fascinated with them and have strived to understand them, though this is challenging because dreams are often so easily forgotten.Througho ut the history of the study of dreams, famous theorists have presented their own dream philosophies and theories, developed eight specific categories of dream types, and presented many dreams found commonly among people which represent common aspects of life, all of these things have been developed in trying to answer one question: Do dreams reflect, or relate to, a person’s sub-conscious state of mind? First, the most famous of all dream theorists is a man named Sigmund Freud, who lived from 1856-1939 and is considered to be â€Å"the father of psychoanalysis† (Dream Moods). evolutionizes the study of dreams with his work The Interpretation Of Dreams. Freud begins to analyze dreams in order to understand aspects of personality as they relate to pathology, or the science of causes and effects of diseases. He believes that nothing one does occurs by chance; every action and thought is motivated by the unconscious  at some level. In  order to live in a civilized soci ety, humans have a tendency to hold  back  urges and repress impulses. However, these urges and impulses must be released in some way; they have a way of coming to the surface in ambiguous forms. Read also Memory – ForgettingFreud believes that one way these urges and impulses are released is through dreams. Because the content of the unconscious may be extremely disturbing or harmful, Freud believes that the unconscious expresses itself in a symbolic language. To explain this symbolic language, Freud categorizes aspects of the mind into three parts. These parts include the Id, the Ego, and the Superego. Id, which is centered around primal impulses, pleasures, desires, unchecked urges and wish fulfillment.Ego, which is concerned with the conscious, the rational, the moral and the self-aware aspect of the mind. Superego, which is considered to be the sort of â€Å"censor† for the id, which is also responsible for enforcing the moral codes of the ego. When one is awake,   the impulses and desires of the id are suppressed by the superego. Through dreams, one is able to get a glimpse into the unconscious, or the id. Because one’s guards are down during the dream state, the unconscious has the opportunity to act out and express the hidden desires of the id.However, the desires of the id can, at times, can be so disturbing and even psychologically harmful that a â€Å"censor† comes into play and  translates the id's disturbing content into a more acceptable symbolic form. This helps to preserve sleep and prevent one from waking up shocked at the images. As a result, confusing and often cryptic dream images occur. According to Freud, the reason one struggles to remember their dreams, is because the superego is at work. It is doing its job by protecting the conscious mind from the disturbing images and desires conjured by the unconscious.According to Freud, dreams always have what he called a â€Å"manifest and latent content† (qtd. in moods). The manifest content is what the dream seems to be saying. It is often bizarre and seemingly nonsense. On the contrary, the latent content is what the dream is really trying to say. Dreams give one a look into the unconscious. Freud believes that it is possible to chip through the dream's manifest content to reveal the underlying significance and its latent by utilizing the technique of â€Å"free association†.Using this technique, one must start with one dream symbol and then follow with what automatically comes to the mind first. One must continue in this manner and essentially see where it leads. In order to interpret the cryptic images of dreams, Freud divided the images into five major categories, or processes. The first being displacement which occurs when the desire for one thing or person is symbolized by something or someone else. The second, projection which happens when the dreamer propels their own desires and wants onto another person.The third being symbolization which is characterized when the dreamer's repressed urges or suppressed desires are acted out metaphorically. Fourth, condensation which is the process in which the dreamer hides t heir feelings or urges by contracting it or underplaying it into a brief dream image or event. Thus the meaning of this dream imagery may not be apparent or obvious. Lastly, rationalization which is regarded as the final stage of dreamwork. The dreaming mind organizes an incoherent dream into one that is far more understandable and logical.This is also known as secondary revision. Essentially this is Freud’s basic explanation of what dreams are and how one is to interpret them. Freud’s dream psychology is heavily based on psychoanalysis and is centered on the fact that dreams do in fact reflect the sub-conscious mind of the dreamer. Another dream theorist, who lived during the time of Freud, Alfred Adler (1870-1937), believed the importance of dreams to be a little different than Freud’s beliefs. Essentially, Adler believed that dreams are an important tool to mastering control over waking lives.They are problem-solving devices. Dreams need to be brought to the conscious and interpreted so that better understanding can be shed on one’s problems. Adler believes it is important to learn from dreams and incorporate them into waking life. Adler believes that there is a correlation between dreams and the problems in daily life. The more dreams one has, the more problems one is likely to have. Adler believes that dreams are an open pathway toward one’s true thoughts, emotions and actions. In dreams, one clearly sees one’s aggressive impulses and desires.Dreams are also a way of overcompensating for the shortcomings in waking life. For example, if one is unable to stand up to a boss in waking life, then one may find it easier to lash out at the boss within the comfort and safety of a dream. Dreams offer some sort of satisfaction that is more socially acceptable. So, though Adler does not entirely agree with Freud’s views of the subconscious controlling the dream, he does in fact believe that one’s subconscious d esires and drive are released through a dream.A third dream theorist, Carl Jung, who was considered to be a mentor of Freud’s also believed in the existence of the unconscious. However, he did not see the unconscious as animalistic, instinctual, or  sexual; he saw it as more  spiritual. Eventually, Jung split with Freud due to their differing views on dreams. According to Jung, dreams are a way of communicating and acquainting oneself with the unconscious. Dreams are not attempts to conceal one’s true feelings from the waking mind, but rather they are a window to the unconscious.They serve to guide the waking self to achieve wholeness and offer a solution to a problem one is facing in waking life. Jung views the ego as one’s sense of self and how one portrays oneself to the world. Part of Jung's theory is that all   things can be viewed as paired opposites: good/evil, male/female, or love/hate. So working in opposition to the ego, is the â€Å"counteregoà ¢â‚¬  or what he refers to as the shadow. The shadow represents the rejected aspects of oneself that one does not wish to acknowledge. The shadow is more primitive, somewhat uncultured,   and a little awkward.As dreams are a way of communicating with the unconscious, Jung believed that dream images reveal something about oneself, one’s relationships with others, and situations in one’s waking life. Dreams guide one’s personal growth and  help in achieving full potential. Jung also believes that the dream's manifest content is just as significant  and revealing as the  latent content. By simply discussing what is currently going on in one’s life, it can help one interpret and unlock the cryptic images of one’s  dreams. Jung's method of dream interpretation is placed more confidently on the dreamer.He believes that all dreamers possess the necessary tools to interpret their own dreams. The meaning of one’s dreams is a personal judgm ent and is up to the dreamer on how to interpret them. Jung noted certain dream symbols that possess the same universal meaning for all men and women. He terms this phenomenon the â€Å"collective unconscious†. While dreams are personal, one’s personal experiences often touch on universal themes and symbols. These symbols are believed to occur in every culture throughout history. Jung identifies seven such symbols in what is referred to as the major archetypal characters: 1.The Persona is the image one presents to the world in  waking life. It is similar to a public mask. In the dream world, the persona is represented by the Self. 2. The Shadow is the rejected and repressed aspects of oneself. It is the part of oneself that one does not want the world to see because it is ugly or unappealing. It symbolizes weakness, fear, or anger. In dreams, this figure is represented by a stalker, murderer, a bully, or pursuer. It can be a frightening figure or even a close friend or relative. Their appearance often makes one angry or leaves one scared.They force one to confront things that one doesn't want to see or hear. 3. The Anima / Animus is the female and male aspects of oneself. Everyone possess both feminine and masculine qualities. In dreams, the anima appears as a highly feminized figure, while the animus appears as a hyper masculine form. These dream imageries appear depending on how well one is able to integrate the feminine and masculine qualities within oneself. They serve as a reminder that one must learn to acknowledge or express a masculine (be more assertive) or feminine side (be more emotional). . The Divine Child is one’s true self in its purest form. It not only symbolizes innocence, vulnerability, and helplessness, but it represents one’s aspirations and full potential. One is open to all possibilities. In the dreamscape, this figure is represented by a baby or young child. 5. The Wise Old Man /Woman is the helper in dream s. Represented by a teacher, father, doctor, priest or some other unknown authority figure, they serve to offer guidance and words of wisdom. They appear in the dream to steer and guide the dreamer into the right direction. 6.The Great Mother is the nurturer. The Great Mother appears in dreams as ones own mother, grandmother, or other nurturing figure. She provides one with positive reassurance. Negatively, they may be depicted as a witch or old bag lady in which case they can be associated with seduction, dominance and death. This juxtaposition is rooted in the belief by some experts that the real mother who is the giver of life is also at the same time jealous of ones growth away from her. 7. The Trickster, as the name implies, plays jokes to keep one from taking oneself too seriously.The trickster may appear in ones dream when one has overreached or misjudged a situation. Or he could find himself in the dream when one is uncertain about a decision or about where to go in life. Th e trickster often makes one feel uncomfortable or embarrassed, sometimes mocking or exposing  one to personal vulnerabilities. He may take on subtle forms, sometimes even changing its shape. Overall, Jund seemed to be influenced by both Freud and Adler in his belief of the dream yet he presented common dreams symbols which further explained the manifestation of one’s sub-conscious mind within the dream.Next, research and records of dreams further progressed it was discovered that there are essentially eight major categories which all dreams fall into. These categories being: daydreams, lucid dreams, nightmares, recurring dreams, healing dreams, signal dreams, and epic dreams. Daydreams are often viewed as light-hearted in nature. They are silly fantasies and wishful thinking. Actually, even worrying over things can be classified as a form of daydreaming. When one worries, one is visualizing an unwanted or negative outcome to a situation.By repeating these negative images in one’s mind, one is more likely to make them happen. Daydreaming is believed to occur when one is only semi-awake and it is essentially running away with ones imagination, or the take over one’s thoughts by wandering sub-conscious mind. Next is the Lucid dream. Lucid dreams give the ability to control one’s own dreams and steer them toward the direction the dreamer wants. In the lucid state, one is more willing to confront threats and as a result, become more self confident.When one achieves lucidity, one can use it as a tool to improve one’s sports game, to rehearse for a speech, to fulfill your fantasies, or to solve a problem in your waking life. Though lucid dreams often give one the power to face the things in the forefronts of one’s mind, it is believed that the unconscious is what triggers a lucid dream and encourages one to assume this power. Third, is nightmares which are a subcategory of dreams. The distinction of a nightmare is its frigh tening and/or emotional content. One tends to wake up in fear in the midst of a nightmare.Because of its frightening nature, one is more likely to remember nightmares and the vivid details. Nightmares are almost always believed to be caused by the sub-conscious mind as it the sub-conscious’ way to get your attention about a situation or problem that one has been avoiding, warning of a health issue, or nightmares may stem from a deeper level indicating that something is troubling you from within your subconscious. Next, is recurring dreams, which are quite common and are often triggered by a certain life situation, transitional phase in life or a problem that keeps coming back again and again.These dreams may recur daily, once a week, or once a month. Whatever the frequency, there is little variation in the dream content itself. Such dreams are often a message from the subconscious highlighting a personal weakness, fear, or inability to cope with something in one’s life . Fourth, is Healing dreams are often dreams which tell the dreamer that he or she needs to go to the dentist or doctor. These dreams are often communication between mind and body that something is not quite right. Prophetic dreams, also referred to as precognitive or psychic dreams, are dreams that seemingly foretell the future.One rational theory to explain this phenomenon is that one’s dreaming mind is able to piece together bits of information and observation that one may normally overlook or that one does not seriously consider. In other words, one’s sub-conscious mind knows what is coming before one consciously pieces together the same information. Signal dreams, are similar to healing dreams, in that they are essentially a warning. Signal dreams are considered to be a sub-conscious warning or problem solving method to help the dreamer deal with situations in life.Lastly, Epic dreams are so huge, so compelling, and so vivid that one cannot ignore them. The detail s of such dreams often remain with one for years. These dreams possess much beauty and contain many archetypal symbology. When one wakes up from such a dream, one feels that they have discovered something profound or amazing about oneself or about the world. These dreams are also often future telling or even present revealing messages from the subconscious mind. Overall, each of these categories or types of dreams are the development which has resulted from the theories of the above dream theorists.Each type of dream is related to an archetype or belief of one, two, or even all three of the above theorists which reveals the large influence of the subconscious mind on dreams. Overall, it can be concluded that dreams are quite often reflecting of, or related to, the subconscious mind of the dreamer. This can be seen in all three of the major theories presented and through the eight major types of dreams which have been determined through said theories. For example, In Freud’s t heory, he states his belief that dreams are the subconscious mind’s release of suppressed desires and ambitions of the dreamer.Freud believes these suppressed desires must be released, so the mind releases them in the form of a dream, which can often be incredibly disturbing. That is, until the subconscious mind intervenes, turning these disturbing dreams into cryptic and symbolic images which can really only be understood through psychoanalysis of the mind of the dreamer. Adler’s theory, similar to Freudian theory, but not entirely the same claims that dreams are essentially problem solving devices. Adler believes that through dreams the subconscious mind of the dreamer brings forward waking life desires the dreamer may not even realizes exist yet.Adler states that the dream is used to make the conscious mind aware of what to do in waking life as it presents lessons to be learned from. Freud and Adler differ in that Freud believes the dream comes from the conscious mi nd and is edited and controlled by the subconscious, whereas Adler believes the dream comes from the subconscious and is to teach the conscious, and make it more aware. Lastly is Jung who believes all dreams share in a number of specific archetypes and are a way of communicating and acquainting oneself with the subconscious.Jung’s theory differs the greatest from Freudian theory and Adler’s theory as Jung believes the conscious and subconscious mind come together in a dream, and work together to create images which express the psychological state, and views of the dreamer. Overall, each of these three theorists and the eight categories of dreams which resulted from their studies have revealed that the subconscious mind of the dreamer has great influence on dreams and that the subconscious, no matter what the dream, plays a major role in some aspect of the creation or portrayal of the dream.

Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper Essay

When nursing began in the Florence Nightingale days, nurses learned their nursing practices from theories. There were two theorist names Dorothea Orem and Virginia Henderson that had their own perspective on nursing practices. This paper will discuss compare and analyze the concepts based of each of these ladies theories to show how they are related. These two ladies developed their own ideas on how nursing should be practiced. Henderson In 1955 Virginia Henderson wrote the 14 components of basic nursing care, this is known as the human need theory. The theory identified areas that the patient may lack in taking care of their selves when sick, and these are the 14 components of basic nursing care. The 14 components are: breathing good, good oral intake/good nutrition, normal functioning of bowel/bladder, sleep/rest, dressing/undressing, keeping normal body temperature, cleanness of patient promote good skin integrity, keep away from injuries/dangers, good communication of fears/emotions, meeting spiritual needs, working, playing/participating in games or recreations, and learning. The development of theory helped nurses know how to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate their patients (George, 2011). Orem Dorothea Orem wrote a theory called the self-care deficit theory, and this theory consist of three theories the self-care, self-care deficit, and the theory of nursing systems. In this theory she explain how person can take care of their selves, when a person needs help caring for their selves, and last is when person needs medical attention. The first theory is self-care, and this is when a person is able to maintain their well-being and health. This theory can differentiate depending on what stage of life your end such  as your age, developmental state, or where you live. Within the self-care theory is three self-care requisites. The requisites are universal self-care requisites, developmental self-care requisites, and health deviation self-care. Example universal of self-care requisites is common activities of daily living (ADL’s). Example of developmental self-care requisites is adjusting to new job or change with your body. The last example is of health deviation self-care, and this is when person able to take care of medical problem. The second theory is self-care deficit when person self-care demand out weights their self-care abilities, and nursing is needed. Orem list five ways of helping that nurses can use. The five ways are doing for others, guiding, meet their physical/emotional needs, providing supportive environment to assist person development, and teaching another. The last theory is the theory of nursing system. This theory is when the nurse provides care because the patient is unable to care for their self. Orem discusses three different types of nursing systems that will meet patient self-care requisite. The first system is wholly compensatory nursing system, and this system is when patient depends fully on the nurse to care for them. Example of this system is a patient who had a major stroke. The second system is the partly compensatory nursing system, and this system when patient can take care of some of their needs but still needs nursing care. Example of this system is patient who has pneumonia and can still feed their selves, but depends on nursing to provide IV antibiotic treatment. The last is the supportive-educative nursing system, and this is when patient is capable taking care of doing self-care, but needs support/education on medical conditions. Example of this when home health goes out to teach patient how to do wound care on their wound so they do not have to depend on nursing (â€Å"Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory†, 2012). Comparing the Concepts These theorist Orem and Henderson have a common concept on how a nurse should practice nursing. Theses theorist have established in their theories the role of nursing. They have differ approaches when it comes to the how nurses should practice their care. Henderson theory identifies 14 component of human needs that patient may not take care of when they are sick. Henderson theory is for nursing to assess the 14 component as a whole, andintervene   in the areas needed. In comparison Orem’s theory of self-care deficit identifies when patient lacks self-care abilities to take care of their self then it is responsibility of the nurse to meet the patients self-care demand. These two theorist differ in the aspect that Henderson focuses more on taking care of the patient in a more acute setting. Orem has more of a focus in her theory of nursing system on educating the patient on their health conditions or self-deficit so they can take care of their self (George, 2011). Orem’s Self-care Theory Implication on Nursing Practice Orem general theory is â€Å"Nursing has its special concern mans need for self-care and the provision and the maintenance of it on continuous basis in order to sustain life and health, recover from disease and injury, and cope with their effects, â€Å"(George, 2011). Nurse’s everyday are practicing the self-care theory of Orem in a variety of health care settings. When a nurse gets a new patient the first they do is identify their self-care deficits and self-care abilities. This allows nurses to focus on the patient’s self-care deficit, and start taking care of the patient needs. When the nurse identifies the self-care deficit then that allows them to start assessing the situation, create care plan for the patient, and start treating/teaching on the self-care deficits. Example is when a new patient is admitted to the hospital the nurse assesses the patient’s problem, starts taking care of the problem, identifies where teaching is needed, and creates care plan so patient will get better (â€Å"Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory†, 2012). Metaparadigm Orem’s metaparadigm consist of four factors: Human being, health, nursing, and environment. The factor is human she describes human as self-care, and self-care is practice of our activities of daily living that promotes life and well-being. The second factor is health, Orem describes health as being whole and sound physical, mentally, and socially for the person well-being. The third factor is nursing, she describes nursing as a needed service to meet the self-care of humans. The last factor is environment, and she describe the environment as anything around the human that can hinder their ability to perform their self-care († Dorothea Orem’s Views on Nursing Metaparadigm†, n.d.). Philosophy According to â€Å"Dorothea Elizabeth and her philosophy on self-care† (n.d.), â€Å"are patients wish to care for themselves.† Basically what Orem is saying if the nurse lets the patient take care of themselves to best of the their ability they will get over their sickness quicker. This relates to nursing today because the more we enable patients to learn and take care their health condition they will function more independently. Example of Orem philosophy in nursing is when patient is home health, and the nurse is simply there to teach them about congestive heart failure, and how to take care the disease we are enabling the patient to take care to themselves. Conceptual Model Orem’s conceptual model is related to her theory of self-care. The model defines her three theories of self-care, self-care deficit, and theory of nursing system. When the person self-care demand exceed their self-care abilities, then nursing is needed. Nurses can help patients meet their self-care needs by using the conceptual model. The conceptual model identifies how nurses can assist the patient under self-care deficit by using the 5 areas identified earlier in this paper. Under the theory of nursing the nurse should identify the patient learning needs, and address them so the patient is meeting his/her self-care needs in the end, and is healthy (â€Å"Orem’S Self-Care Model†, n.d.). Conclusion Orem and Henderson agenda for their theories is to establish nursing practice guidelines for nurses. They two theorist help define the role of nursing, and the profession. In the nursing world nurses practice these two theories in their everyday practices. Nurses have learned how to identify problems of patient when they arrive, and how to address them so they can get on the road to recovery. Nurses also learned how to identify a self-care deficit in patients so it can be addressed, then the nurse educates patient on self-care deficit where they can care for themselves. These two theories basically sum down to assessing, implementing, care planning, and educating the patients. References Dorthea Elizabeth and her Philosophy on self-care. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://n207grpfsuccessorsoforem.blogspot.com/p/introduction.html Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory. (2012). Retrieved from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html Dorthea Orem’s Views on Nursing Metaparadigm. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://oremstheory.webs.com/definedconcepts.htm George, J. B. (2011). Nursing Theories: The Base for Nursing Practice (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix ebook Collection database. Orem’s Self-Care Model. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.snjourney.com/ClinicalInfo/NgTheory/OremNotes.htm

Benefits And Problems Associated With Globalization

This purpose of this paper is to provide a guideline for discussion of the benefits and problems associated with globalization. The following points will show that the idea of globalization is both positive and negative, while providing five examples of specific net gain and net problems. The following paper will briefly discuss each issue, provide a short summary to provide context, give a mechanism that could assist with managing the issue, as well as identifying how each can help with the implementation of managing the resource. I. The Net Gains of Globalization 1) Issue: Globalization has a positive effect on the environment through the active regu-lation of the entire timber trade process. a) Summary: When companies are regulated in the amount of timber that is ex-ported, this can help to limit the amount of deforestation. b) Mechanism: One agency best able to assist in the management of this policy would be CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flo-ra and Fauna). c) Implementation: This agency is has been able to help in protection of timber re-sources by including legal documentation; this allows regulation of timber all levels of the trade. With increasing acceptance of the need to place the international timber trade in a legal framework, CITES is an important component of regulating the legal supply of timber. (Oldfield, S. F., 2013). The articles specifically provides that â€Å"species threatened with extinction which are or may beShow MoreRelatedPositive and Negative Impacts of Globalization1256 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization Globalization Arguments Favoring Globalization This essay discusses the positive and negative impacts of globalization. Because people are more connected globally than ever before, the process of globalization continues, creating sweeping economic changes. Inevitably, some people and some countries will benefit from globalization, and others will suffer from its effects. This essay discusses those effects. Globalization describes the increasing economic integration that occursRead MoreGlobalization s Effect On The State s Strength And Weakness938 Words   |  4 Pagescompanies, organizations and governments is known as Globalization which effects not only how the world interacts with each other but how nations develop or cease to develop. In Martin Wolf’s â€Å"Will the Nation-Sate Survive Globalization?† Wolf explains the advances all over the world, which has brought us to where we are today, because of globalization. However, Wolf argues that just because nations are changing and advancing due to globalization, doesn’t mean states have become weaker or less importantRead MoreStarbucks Case Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesTHE GLOBALIZATION OF STARBUCKS 1. Where did the original idea for the Starbucks format come from? What lesson for international business can be drawn from this? The original idea for the Starbucks format came from the 1980 ´s when the company ´s director if marketing, Howard Schultz, came back from a trip to Italy enchanted with the Italian coffeehouse experience, the idea was to sell the company ´s own premium roasted coffee and freshly brewed espresso-style coffee beverages, along with a varietyRead MoreHow Technology Is Impacting Globalization974 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization is the process by which people, businesses and countries become more connected and interdependent. With new technology it has become so much easier to access data, from anywhere in the world. The world has many problems that cannot be fixed without globalization and by moving towards one global culture. The world is moving towards one global culture because different cultures are adapting and sharing ideas of others that are gradually changing the way people in these cultures liveRead MoreGlobalization758 Words   |  4 PagesWhy richer are getting rich er and poorer are getting poorer? Globalization is taken as facilitator of international trade and economic growth. There might be various parameters for the measurement of the connection between globalization, international trade and economic growth that is derived from the mobility of investment, human capital to communication and transportation that fosters interdependency and other forms of economically beneficial and social relationship between countries. In economyRead MorePro Globalist vs Anti Globalist1341 Words   |  6 PagesPro Globalist vs. Anti Globalist An Essay Globalization in a broader sense means Integration. This integration happens through the flow of resources in the form of information, ideas, technology, goods, services, capital, finance amp; people. Like everything else that flows, the flow of resources happens from high potential (country) to low potential (country). Globalization is therefore a natural phenomenon and is bound to happen unless stopped by an external force. In principle all flows areRead MoreGlabalization and Climate Change Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesSynthesis Essay Globalization and climate change The climate is changing whether its wanted or not these events of melted polar ice caps, dramatic changes in weather; drought, warmer wetter winters and rising sea levels, also increased Co2 emissions in the atmosphere are only of few changes that have been increased by globalization. The economic pressure that is being forced is causing more harm to our living planet then some seem to know. Trying to slow the trend of globalization is highly unlikelyRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Society1011 Words   |  5 Pagesworld have interacted and integrated with each other. This is called globalization. Globalization has reformed almost every industry and affects billions of lives whether you realize it or not. Around the world, people view international trade as a good thing but this is hindered by concerns about its side effects. To find the balance between pros and cons associated with globalization, citizens everywhere need to know how globalization works. This includes its effects on the environment, culture, politicalRead MoreGlobalization Paper1190 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization Paper GBM/380 January 10, 2011 Professor Jing Liu Globalization Globalization can be viewed as one of the major influences for the world’s progressions over the past centuries. It is comprehended that globalization has the potential to make countries and societies richer via free trading or little trade barriers providing knowledge and information to people around the world. Others perceive globalization negatively and view it as a major factor to exploit the poor while theRead MoreBenefits of Globalization875 Words   |  3 PagesGlobalization Introduction Globalization is a term used in literature to refer to the increasing interconnectedness between markets in many countries. With the advantages of new technologies, assets and investments can now flow through international borders faster than they ever have at any point in history. Many corporations have taken advantage of the opportunities to expand internationally and operate on a multinational basis; some span the entire globe in their business operations. The level

Personal Theory Paper - 4363 Words

Personal Theory Paper In partial fulfillment of the assignment submitted to Dr. Max Mills PACO 507 Theology and Spirituality in Counseling Lynn C. Ball Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary May 8, 2015 Abstract I stumbled through the first thirty-eight years of life attempting to mask the hurts caused by myself and others. I was my own worst critic fueled by raging addictions and chaos; searching to find a perfection that could never be achieved. Life was a hurricane of madness and at the center of that storm was the Father waiting for me to give Him my whole heart. The purpose of this paper is to show through those who have been studied, the textbooks that have been read and my own opinions; the counseling methods and†¦show more content†¦Your job is to help people deal with the changes that come into their lives and make changes that will improve their lives (Collins, 2007, pp. 3-4). Additionally, Pastoral counseling can be both distinctively pastoral and psychologically informed. This occurs when it takes the identity from the rich tradition of Christian soul care and integrates appropriate insights of modern therapeutic psychology†¦ (Benner, 2003, p.14). ). The primary goa l lies with change; and our change is stemmed by our reliance upon the Father for change and healing and through â€Å"Jesus Christ [who] is the only all-sufficient and perfect healer for hurt people† (Wilson, 2001, p. 14). b. Development of Problems and Personal Need How do the issues come about? Dr. Sandra D. Wilson (2001) asks, â€Å"Have you ever felt as if you were the only caterpillar in a butterfly world? Do you often feel as if you have to do twice as much to be half as good as other† (p. 16)? If you answered, yes, then that is what Wilson (2001) calls binding shame. â€Å"Shame is the soul-deep belief that something is horribly wrong with me that is not wrong with anyone else in the entire world. If I am bound by shame, I feel hopelessly, distinguishingly different and worthless (p. 16). Problems and needs develop from this binding shame and events in our lives; childhood hurts, traumas, bad relationships, and poor coping skills which we allow to shape and define us. Emotions, which are the feelings weShow MoreRelatedPersonal Theory Paper3660 Words   |  15 PagesPersonal Theory Paper Evie Kuhn Liberty University Abstract This paper is the development of my personal theory on Christian Counseling. I use many scriptural references to support my beliefs and stress the importance of gaining wisdom and knowledge from the bible. It incorporates all of the presentations, readings, and critiques I did at Liberty University’s Theology and Spirituality in counseling course. I talk about how I integrate Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality into my ChristianRead MorePersonal Criminological Theory Paper1142 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Criminological Theory Paper Criminological Theory 3 February 2012 Personal Criminological Theory Paper Introduction Through out the years Criminologists has conducted a great amount of research and through that research Criminologist has developed different theories in order to better understand and explain criminal behavior. Theories try to help make sense out of many observations that are conducted presenting the facts of the principal that connects and explains the theories. IfRead MoreResource File and Personal Theory Paper904 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Resource File and Personal Theory Paper Name CJHS/400 Date Teacher Resource File and Personal Theory Paper Resource File â€Å"Psychotherapy is a process that focuses on helping you heal and learn more adaptive ways to deal with the problems or issues within your life. It can also be a supportive process when going through a difficult period or under increase stress such as starting a new career or going through a divorce. GenerallyRead MorePersonal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper2249 Words   |  9 Pages Personal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper Thesis and Introduction Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at the time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Kirsten Hummel states, â€Å"The one most effective way to increase L2 competence was by exposureRead MorePersonal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper1899 Words   |  8 Pages Personal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper Thesis and Introduction Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Let us also not forget the importance of written expression as well as reading comprehensionRead MoreThe Issue Of Personal Identity Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIf persons persist over time then by what criteria do we determine their identity at different times? This is the issue of personal identity over time which continues to plague philosophers. What is it that allows me to say I am the same person today as I was yesterday or I will be tomorrow? Am I actually the same person? There has been no general consensus on the answer to this question. However many have proposed solutions to this question. When it comes to this hard problem of why persons lastRead M oreEssay about Morality and Case Study1391 Words   |  6 PagesResponsibility over the rest of Creation†(Shelly Miller, 2006, p. 75). The spiritual battle this young lady is faced with believes what the world is telling her the most logical and scientific action to do to having faith and obeying God’s creation. My personal belief is in the Imago Dei. The bible proclaims in Psalms 139:13-14, â€Å" For you formed my inward parts, you knitted me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful are your works, my soul knows itRead MorePersonal Statement : Professional Nursing Career1064 Words   |  5 PagesScholarly Paper #1 Personal Meta-paradigm Charlotte Strawser NURS 603 University of Southern Indiana Professor Cynthia Cuson January 26, 2017 This paper aims to describing personal meta-paradigm in this author’s professional nursing career relating to a theoretical framework. Nursing is made up of several theories that help guide the nursing practice in delivering care. The theories help guide nursing research in creating a strong profession in healthcare. These theories help the nurseRead MorePersonal Paper On Personal Nursing Philosophy1494 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Nursing Philosophy This concept synthesis paper on personal nursing philosophy will first discuss the nursing autobiography of the author. This paper will explore the author’s perspective on the four metaparadigms of person, nurse, health, and environment. This paper will also discuss the author’s viewpoint on two practice-specific concepts that are relative to her practice. Lastly, the author will list five proposition statements that will connect the concepts described and will furtherRead MoreEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper836 Words   |  4 PagesENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/eng-225/eng-225-week-5-film-critique-final-paper/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com ENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Focus of the Final Film Critique Throughout this course, you have been compiling a blog and writing essays that analyze various elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. It is now time to combine those elements into a comprehensive analysis of one movie

Richard Wright And The Harlem Renaissance - 752 Words

The first source is about the Harlem Renaissance that took place in 1920’s. The Harlem Renaissance represented the rebirth of African American culture and showed the unaddressed problems among the black community. During that time, Richard Wright made a name for himself, writing books based on the racism that the black community faced and communism like Black Boy and Native Son. The Harlem Renaissance was a direct influence on Wrights work because he wrote about what was going on at that time. More specifically, Black Boy was written off of Wright’s childhood struggles and what it was like to be a black kid in the 1920’s. The Harlem Renaissance caused him to speak out about his experiences. The source is written by R. A. Lawson and†¦show more content†¦Wright speaks on and writes about these subject because he was there and they had a direct influence on him as a person of color. Wright, later, wrote about his encounter because he felt as if he could co ntribute to the Civil Rights cause. This source is written by Richard Wright and published by Harper and Brothers. The fourth source is about The Great Depression’ impact on African Americans. In the excerpt, it talks about how some of the greatest writers came out of The Great Depression and Wright was one of them. In his books, he writes about the times of The Great Depression and how it affected everyone, not just the black community. This source is the same as the other ones as it expresses exigence, but it’s not of the same topic and, like the second and the first, this is a secondary source. Wright writes about how he expected the transition from the South to the North to be better, but it is, in fact, worse. He also speaks of the hardships that came with failure of the economy because witnessed it first hand. Part of his exigence is The Great Depression because he lived through it. This source is written by Joe W. Trotter and edited by Robert S. McElvaine. The fifth source is a biography about Wright and his accomplishments. In a specific part, it walks about how Wright â€Å"emerged as an international literary figure championing the causeShow MoreRelatedRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Introduction Richard Wright’s plead in the Blueprint for Negro Writing could be very well summarized in one of the famous words from Thomas Kempis, â€Å"Be not angry that you cannot make others as you wish them to be, since you cannot make yourself as you wish to be.† In this popular essay, Richard Wright denounced the Negro writers as he perceived them to be merely begging for the sympathy of the bourgeoisie instead of striving to present a lifeRead MoreEssay on Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance Two Historical Art Periods973 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: SURREALISM AND HARLEM RENAISSANCE Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance Two Historical Art Periods Elisa Montoya Western Governor’s University RIWT Task 1 May 13, 2013 SURREALISM AND HARLEM RENNAISANCE Comparing and Contrasting the Two Art Periods â€Å"Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance† 2 While there are many different historical art periods I will bring together two that I found to be extremely interesting. There are so many wonderful facts about all the different art periodsRead MoreThe Critical Impacts Of The Harlem Renaissance1066 Words   |  5 Pageshumanity’s recorded history is a creative balance between horrors endured and victories achieved, and so it was during the Harlem Renaissance. Although the Harlem Renaissance underlines the trouble of ethnic issue knowledgeable by African Americans all through the twentieth century. There were numerous critical impacts, for instance, artistic the growth. The Harlem Renaissance was an energetic affiliation amongst the 1920s where African Americans started composed and transported artistry and writingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribes the pitiful rations of food received by the enslaved. 3. Explain the following regarding the Harlem Renaissance (1919-1940) Definition- Harlem Renaissance, a cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanned the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the New Negro Movement, named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. ... The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts. Black artist’s common goal- The black artist’sRead MoreTaking a Look at African American Poets827 Words   |  3 PagesWho continues to ring bells when African American poets are mentioned? The legends who have influenced the path in which our ancestors fought hard to obtain in past generations. Booker T. Washington, Rita Dove, Richard Wright, Zora Hurston and Langston Hughes were a few among various highly influential poets during the 1900s. One of the biggest accomplishments of blacks today is that literature has developed from these African American poets. These individuals have set a tone and path to allow writersRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s The Negro Artist And The Racial Mountain ``1075 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Harlem Renaissance emerging artists sought to redefine the image of African Americans through their works to counter misconceived stigma which included perhaps most importantly, the ill-founded scientific belief that they were incapable of creative expression. Consequently, the space of Harlem invited opportunity for collaboration and publishing while simultaneously establishing the ideal era for artists to fight for the unification and acceptance of black identity. Therefore, in thisRead MoreExploring African American History : The Harlem Renaissance1521 Words   |  7 PagesTi’Anna Smith Period 1 AP World History 12-14-15 Exploring African American History: The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance originally known as the New Negro Movement was an important part of African American culture and history, which helped African Americans express themselves and celebrate their heritage. Between the years of 1890-1920 close to two million African Americans traveled from the rural southern states to the northern cities. They traveled to these northern cities in hopesRead MoreEssay on A Comparison Between Native Son and The Blacker2151 Words   |  9 PagesThurman and Richard Wright have contributed some of the most famous fictional works depicting Black culture in America. Since the two authors come from the same time period they share the experience of what it is like to be apart of the black race in America and depict it in separate but common ways. Both writers created works in the first half of the twentieth century that will be marked as some of the centurys most prolific novels. Coming from different periods, Thurman the Harlem Renaissance and WrightRead MoreEssay on Ralph Ellison Living with Music1434 Words   |  6 Pageshorizons were broadened to a world outside his own sheltered life in Oklahoma City, by the many books now available to him in the library. During his teenage years, Ellison and his friends imagined being the eclectic combination of frontiersmen and Renaissance Men. The ideal they created gave them the courage to expect anything out of life. They believed that they had the ability and power to do whatever they wanted in life as well as or better than men of any race. Ellison first used this credo whenRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. According to Wintz: The Harlem Renaissance was â€Å"variously known as the New Negro movement, the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to late 1920s, and then withered in the mid-1930s

Testing Statistical Hypothese Regression Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Testing Statistical Hypothese Regression Analysis. Answer: Introduction One of the largest networks in the world in retail electronic payments is operated by the company Visa Inc. The company is also one of the most recognized brands in financial services across the world. The company provides a lot of facilities to the global commerce. These facilities include information and value transfer within some financial institutions, consumers, businesses, merchants and government entities management. There are a lot of types of fraud cases that are going on in the world nowadays. The most frequent fraud case that is happening now is credit card fraud. This type of card fraud is happening online as well as offline. Thus, this credit card company Visa Inc. is running this research to identify some specific issues and reduce the frequency of card fraud. The primary objectives of this research are discussed as follows. To identify whether the number of card fraud is experienced differs across gender. To identify whether there is any difference across age group of people regarding card fraud. To determine whether the average time that is required to resolve the problem of card fraud is less than 12 hours or not. To determine the frequency of occurrence of online or offline card fraud. To determine whether there is any difference between the frequency of online and offline card fraud. To identify the influence of customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice and the level of communication on the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team. Research Design In order to perform this research, data has to be collected. The data that is collected is on the experience of the customers in personal fraud. 2000 customers were selected randomly using the technique of simple random sampling. Among these 2000 customers who were selected to fill the questionnaire, 420 only responded. Thus, the success rate of the responses is only 21 percent. The ethical considerations that has to be kept in mind while collecting the data and doing the research are given below (Cacciattolo, 2015): The participants involved in the research should not be subjected to any types of harm. Respect and priority should be given to the dignity of the participants involved in the research. The participants should give full consent before participating in the study. The privacy of the participants taking part in the research must be assured. The data collected for the research purpose should be kept confidentially and must not be disclosed to anybody other than the individuals who are directly related to the research. . The participants of the survey must be assured that their identities will not be disclosed anywhere. The research aims and objectives must not be exaggerated. Any affiliations that are offered to the research or any sources from which the funding for the research are obtained must be mentioned at the time of the research. Communications that are necessary in doing the research must be done honestly and transparently. Information that are misleading to the research and biasness of the data in analysis and representation must not be done. For the purpose of the research, the following hypothesis can be framed: Is the number of card fraud experienced the same across gender? Null Hypothesis (H01): There is no significant difference between the card fraud experienced by males and females. Alternate Hypothesis (HA1): There is significant difference between the card fraud experienced by males and females. Are there differences across age groups regarding card fraud? Null Hypothesis (H02): There is no significant difference across age groups regarding card fraud. Alternate Hypothesis (HA2): There is no significant difference across age groups regarding card fraud. 12 hours time significant as response time compared to what the customers have experienced before? Null Hypothesis (H03): There is no significant difference in the average response time from 12 hours Alternate Hypothesis (HA3): The average response time is less than 12 hours. Question 4: Is the frequency of online card fraud more than that of offline card fraud? Null Hypothesis (H04): There is no significant difference in the frequency of online card fraud from offline card fraud. Alternate Hypothesis (HA4): There is significant difference in the frequency of online card fraud from offline card fraud. Question 5: Do any of the customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice and the level of communication influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team? Null Hypothesis (H05): The customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice and the level of communication do not influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team Alternate Hypothesis (HA5): The customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice and the level of communication influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team. Statistical Technique and Justification The hypothesis that has been stated above has to be tested using appropriate statistical techniques management. The techniques required to test the above stated hypothesis will be discussed here. To test the first hypothesis, two sample t-test will be used. A two sample t test or an independent sample t test is the most appropriate test that can be used to compare the difference of the means of the two different groups of a single variable (Traitler, Coleman Burbidge, 2017). To test the second hypothesis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test will be used as this the most appropriate test to compare the means of more than two groups of a single variable (Wiley Pace, 2015). To test the third hypothesis, a one-sample t-test will be used as this is the most appropriate test to compare the mean of one variable with a pre determined mean of the variable (Chachi, Taheri Viertl, 2016). To test the fourth hypothesis, two sample t-test will be performed as this is the most appropriate test that can be used to compare the difference of the means of the two different groups of a single variable. To test the fifth hypothesis, regression analysis will be used as with the help of regression analysis only it is possible to find out whether there is any influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable (Draper Smith, 2014). It can be clearly observed that 34 percent of the respondents have not faced card fraud in the last 12 months. 66 percent of the respondents have experienced card fraud in the last 12 months. Thus, it can be said that most of the people around the world are now experiencing card fraud. The figures are given in table 5.1 and figure 5.1. Table 5.1: Number of people who faced card fraud in last 12 months Row Labels Count of Question1 1 278 2 142 Grand Total 420 Thus, as shown before, out of 420 respondents, 278 have experienced card fraud. Now, the difference between the numbers of card frauds experienced by these 278 people across gender has to be tested. At first, the difference between the numbers of offline card frauds has been tested. Table 5.2: Two-Sample t-test for difference in offline fraud Male Female Mean 4.40 4.24 Variance 23.44 23.64 Observations 126 152 Pooled Variance 23.55 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 276 t Stat 0.262 P(T=t) one-tail 0.397 t Critical one-tail 1.650 P(T=t) two-tail 0.793 t Critical two-tail 1.969 Statistical Interpretation: From table 5.2, it is evident that t-calculated (0.262) is less than t-critical (1.969) and p-value is more than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can accept the null hypothesis (H01) that there is no significant difference between the offline card fraud experienced by males and females (p-value 0.793) at 5 percent level of significance. The average number of times the females get card frauds offline does not differ much from the number of times the males get card fraud offline. Therefore, people should me much more careful so that nobody can fraud them. Table 5.3: Two-Sample t-test for difference in online fraud Male Female Mean 5.80 6.66 Variance 14.98 15.52 Observations 126 152 Pooled Variance 15.28 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 276 t Stat -1.818 P(T=t) one-tail 0.035 t Critical one-tail 1.650 P(T=t) two-tail 0.070 t Critical two-tail 1.969 Statistical Interpretation: From table 5.3, it is evident that t-calculated (-1.818) is less than t-critical (1.969) and p-value is more than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can accept the null hypothesis (H01) that there is no significant difference between the offline card fraud experienced by males and females (p-value 0.070) at 5 percent level of significance. The average number of times the females get card frauds online does not differ much from the number of times the males get card fraud offline. Therefore, people should me much more careful while accessing their cards online so that nobody can fraud them. Table 5.4: Summary Statistics for ANOVA on Offline Card Fraud Groups Count Sum Average Variance Less than 25 years 67 326 4.87 24.45 26-35 years 66 309 4.68 24.25 36-45 years 80 358 4.48 23.64 46-55 years 42 106 2.52 18.21 More than 55 years 23 100 4.35 24.15 Table 5.5: ANOVA Table on Offline Card Fraud Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 166.021 4 41.505 1.788 0.131 2.405 Within Groups 6335.753 273 23.208 Total 6501.773 277 Statistical Interpretation: From table 5.5, it is evident that f-calculated (1.788) is less than t-critical (2.405) and p-value is more than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can accept the null hypothesis (H02) that there is no significant difference between the offline card fraud experienced across different age groups (p-value 0.131) at 5 percent level of significance. Non-Statistical Interpretation: The average number of times the people of different age groups get offline card fraud has no significant difference. Thus, from here it can be said that people of all age groups has an equal chance of getting card fraud offline. Table 5.6: Summary Statistics for ANOVA on Online Card Fraud Groups Count Sum Average Variance Less than 25 years 67 417 6.22 16.02 26-35 years 66 463 7.02 12.66 36-45 years 80 516 6.45 15.74 46-55 years 42 206 4.90 16.04 More than 55 years 23 141 6.13 16.66 Table 5.7: ANOVA Table on Online Card Fraud Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 118.112 4 29.528 1.943 0.104 2.405 Within Groups 4148.654 273 15.197 Total 4266.766 277 Statistical Interpretation: From table 5.7, it is evident that f-calculated (1.943) is less than t-critical (2.405) and p-value is more than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can accept the null hypothesis (H02) that there is no significant difference between the online card fraud experienced across different age groups (p-value 0.104) at 5 percent level of significance. The average number of times the people of different age groups get online card fraud has no significant difference. Thus, from here it can be said that people of all age groups has an equal chance of getting card fraud online as well as offline. From table 5.8 given below, it can be seen clearly that the average time that can be lost by a customer suffering from online fraud is 13.65 hours. Table 5.8: Descriptive statistics for amount of time lost (in hours) in resolving the most recent incident of credit card fraud Mean 13.65 Standard Error 1.05 Median 1 Mode 1 Standard Deviation 17.562 Sample Variance 308.430 Kurtosis -0.991 Skewness 0.844 Range 50 Minimum 0 Maximum 50 Sum 3795 Count 278 The company Visa Inc. has set a time-period of 12 hours. To test whether there will be any significant improvement to the response time; the following test has been done. Table 5.9: One-Sample t-test for difference in service time from predefined mean Amount of time lost (in hours) in resolving the most recent incident of credit card fraud Mean 13.65 Variance 308.43 Observations 278 Hypothesized Mean Difference 12 df 277 t Stat 1.568 P(T=t) one-tail 0.059 t Critical one-tail 1.650 P(T=t) two-tail 0.118 t Critical two-tail 1.969 From Table 5.9, it is evident that t-calculated (1.568) is less than t-critical (1.650) and p-value is greater than the significance level (5% level of significance), thus, we can reject that alternate hypothesis (HA3) that the average service time in resolving the problem of online fraud is not less than 12 hours (p-value 0.059) at 5% level of significance. The average service time (13.65 hours) is not less than 12 hours (value obtained from forecasting model). Therefore, the average service time should be used while advertizing for the company. From table 5.10, it can be clearly understood that the average number of times an offline card fraud occurs is 4 and the average number of times an online card fraud occurs is 6. Table 5.10: Descriptive statistics measures for the frequency of online and offline card fraud Offline Card Fraud Online Card Fraud Mean 4 6 Standard Error 0.29 0.24 Median 0 6 Mode 0 1 Standard Deviation 4.845 3.925 Sample Variance 23.472 15.403 Kurtosis -1.896 -1.346 Skewness 0.292 -0.075 Range 10 12 Minimum 0 0 Maximum 10 12 Sum 1199 1743 Count 278 278 Table 5.11: Two-Sample t-test for difference in offline and online card fraud Offline Card Fraud Online Card Fraud Mean 4 6 Variance 23.47 15.40 Observations 278 278 Pooled Variance 19.44 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 554 t Stat -5.233 P(T=t) one-tail 0.000 t Critical one-tail 1.648 P(T=t) two-tail 0.000 t Critical two-tail 1.964 From table 5.11, it is evident that t-calculated (-5.233) is greater than t-critical (1.648) and p-value is less than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can reject the null hypothesis (H04) that there is no significant difference between the offline and online card fraud (p-value 0.070) at 5 percent level of significance. Non-Statistical Interpretation: The average number of times people get card frauds online is much more than the number of times the people get offline card fraud. Therefore, the company Visa Inc. must invest in the updated online security that will decrease the number of online card fraud while doing online transactions. The following analysis has been performed to test the influence of the customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice, and the level of communication on the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team Table 5.12: Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.80 R Square 0.65 Adjusted R Square 0.64 Standard Error 1.04 Observations 278 Table 5.13: ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 3 536.252 178.751 166.415 0.000 Residual 274 294.310 1.074 Total 277 830.561 Table 5.14: Regression Coefficients Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 1.725 0.233 7.387 0.000 1.265 2.184 Response Time 0.246 0.058 4.271 0.000 0.133 0.360 Level of Advice 0.152 0.122 1.251 0.212 -0.087 0.392 Level of Communication 0.244 0.123 1.985 0.048 0.002 0.487 Statistical Interpretation From table 5.14, it can be seen clearly that coefficients of the independent variables response time, level of advice and level of communication are not equal to zero. Thus, it can be said that the null hypothesis (H05) is rejected. The variables response time, level of advice and level of communication does influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team. 65 percent of the overall satisfaction can be explained by the variables response time, level of advice and level of communication. The prediction equation can be given as follows: Overall satisfaction = 1.725 + (0.246 * Response Time) + (0.152 * Level of Advice) + (0.244 * Level of Communication) The average score of overall satisfaction can be predicted 65 percent correctly by the scores of response time, level of advice and the level of communication given by the customers. Since the correctness of the prediction is quite high, the company should try to improve these scores in order to maximize the overall satisfaction of the customers. From the analysis conducted above, it has been stated clearly that the average number of card frauds (online or offline) do not differ across gender. It has also been stated that the average number of online and offline card frauds do not differ across different age groups. The average time required by the company Visa Inc is more than 12 hours which is not the claim the company has made. It has also been observed that the frequency of online card fraud is much more than that of offline card fraud. Thus, the company should take suitable measures of increasing security to reduce the frequency of card fraud during online transactions. Further, it has also been observed from the analysis that the overall satisfaction of the customers is influenced by the response time, level of advice and the level of communication of the card fraud resolution team. Recommendations The company Visa Inc. should take rapid measures on the account of customer security to reduce the frequency of card fraud that is taking place currently at the time of online transactions. The company should also develop the response time, level of advice and the level of communication of the card fraud resolution team in order to increase the overall satisfaction of the customers. References Cacciattolo, M. (2015). Ethical considerations in research. InThe Praxis of English Language Teaching and Learning (PELT)(pp. 61-79). SensePublishers. Chachi, J., Taheri, S. M., Viertl, R. (2016). Testing statistical hypotheses based on fuzzy confidence intervals.Austrian Journal of Statistics,41(4), 267-286. Draper, N. R., Smith, H. (2014).Applied regression analysis. John Wiley Sons. Traitler, H., Coleman, B., Burbidge, A. (2017). Testing the hypotheses.Food Industry RD: A New Approach, 227-247. Wiley, J. F., Pace, L. A. (2015). Analysis of variance. InBeginning R(pp. 111-120). Apress.