Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Personal Theory Paper - 4363 Words

Personal Theory Paper In partial fulfillment of the assignment submitted to Dr. Max Mills PACO 507 Theology and Spirituality in Counseling Lynn C. Ball Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary May 8, 2015 Abstract I stumbled through the first thirty-eight years of life attempting to mask the hurts caused by myself and others. I was my own worst critic fueled by raging addictions and chaos; searching to find a perfection that could never be achieved. Life was a hurricane of madness and at the center of that storm was the Father waiting for me to give Him my whole heart. The purpose of this paper is to show through those who have been studied, the textbooks that have been read and my own opinions; the counseling methods and†¦show more content†¦Your job is to help people deal with the changes that come into their lives and make changes that will improve their lives (Collins, 2007, pp. 3-4). Additionally, Pastoral counseling can be both distinctively pastoral and psychologically informed. This occurs when it takes the identity from the rich tradition of Christian soul care and integrates appropriate insights of modern therapeutic psychology†¦ (Benner, 2003, p.14). ). The primary goa l lies with change; and our change is stemmed by our reliance upon the Father for change and healing and through â€Å"Jesus Christ [who] is the only all-sufficient and perfect healer for hurt people† (Wilson, 2001, p. 14). b. Development of Problems and Personal Need How do the issues come about? Dr. Sandra D. Wilson (2001) asks, â€Å"Have you ever felt as if you were the only caterpillar in a butterfly world? Do you often feel as if you have to do twice as much to be half as good as other† (p. 16)? If you answered, yes, then that is what Wilson (2001) calls binding shame. â€Å"Shame is the soul-deep belief that something is horribly wrong with me that is not wrong with anyone else in the entire world. If I am bound by shame, I feel hopelessly, distinguishingly different and worthless (p. 16). Problems and needs develop from this binding shame and events in our lives; childhood hurts, traumas, bad relationships, and poor coping skills which we allow to shape and define us. Emotions, which are the feelings weShow MoreRelatedPersonal Theory Paper3660 Words   |  15 PagesPersonal Theory Paper Evie Kuhn Liberty University Abstract This paper is the development of my personal theory on Christian Counseling. I use many scriptural references to support my beliefs and stress the importance of gaining wisdom and knowledge from the bible. It incorporates all of the presentations, readings, and critiques I did at Liberty University’s Theology and Spirituality in counseling course. I talk about how I integrate Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality into my ChristianRead MorePersonal Criminological Theory Paper1142 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Criminological Theory Paper Criminological Theory 3 February 2012 Personal Criminological Theory Paper Introduction Through out the years Criminologists has conducted a great amount of research and through that research Criminologist has developed different theories in order to better understand and explain criminal behavior. Theories try to help make sense out of many observations that are conducted presenting the facts of the principal that connects and explains the theories. IfRead MoreResource File and Personal Theory Paper904 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Resource File and Personal Theory Paper Name CJHS/400 Date Teacher Resource File and Personal Theory Paper Resource File â€Å"Psychotherapy is a process that focuses on helping you heal and learn more adaptive ways to deal with the problems or issues within your life. It can also be a supportive process when going through a difficult period or under increase stress such as starting a new career or going through a divorce. GenerallyRead MorePersonal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper2249 Words   |  9 Pages Personal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper Thesis and Introduction Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at the time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Kirsten Hummel states, â€Å"The one most effective way to increase L2 competence was by exposureRead MorePersonal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper1899 Words   |  8 Pages Personal Second Language Acquisition Theory Research Paper Thesis and Introduction Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Let us also not forget the importance of written expression as well as reading comprehensionRead MoreThe Issue Of Personal Identity Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIf persons persist over time then by what criteria do we determine their identity at different times? This is the issue of personal identity over time which continues to plague philosophers. What is it that allows me to say I am the same person today as I was yesterday or I will be tomorrow? Am I actually the same person? There has been no general consensus on the answer to this question. However many have proposed solutions to this question. When it comes to this hard problem of why persons lastRead M oreEssay about Morality and Case Study1391 Words   |  6 PagesResponsibility over the rest of Creation†(Shelly Miller, 2006, p. 75). The spiritual battle this young lady is faced with believes what the world is telling her the most logical and scientific action to do to having faith and obeying God’s creation. My personal belief is in the Imago Dei. The bible proclaims in Psalms 139:13-14, â€Å" For you formed my inward parts, you knitted me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful are your works, my soul knows itRead MorePersonal Statement : Professional Nursing Career1064 Words   |  5 PagesScholarly Paper #1 Personal Meta-paradigm Charlotte Strawser NURS 603 University of Southern Indiana Professor Cynthia Cuson January 26, 2017 This paper aims to describing personal meta-paradigm in this author’s professional nursing career relating to a theoretical framework. Nursing is made up of several theories that help guide the nursing practice in delivering care. The theories help guide nursing research in creating a strong profession in healthcare. These theories help the nurseRead MorePersonal Paper On Personal Nursing Philosophy1494 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Nursing Philosophy This concept synthesis paper on personal nursing philosophy will first discuss the nursing autobiography of the author. This paper will explore the author’s perspective on the four metaparadigms of person, nurse, health, and environment. This paper will also discuss the author’s viewpoint on two practice-specific concepts that are relative to her practice. Lastly, the author will list five proposition statements that will connect the concepts described and will furtherRead MoreEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper836 Words   |  4 PagesENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/eng-225/eng-225-week-5-film-critique-final-paper/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com ENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Focus of the Final Film Critique Throughout this course, you have been compiling a blog and writing essays that analyze various elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. It is now time to combine those elements into a comprehensive analysis of one movie

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Richard Wright And The Harlem Renaissance - 752 Words

The first source is about the Harlem Renaissance that took place in 1920’s. The Harlem Renaissance represented the rebirth of African American culture and showed the unaddressed problems among the black community. During that time, Richard Wright made a name for himself, writing books based on the racism that the black community faced and communism like Black Boy and Native Son. The Harlem Renaissance was a direct influence on Wrights work because he wrote about what was going on at that time. More specifically, Black Boy was written off of Wright’s childhood struggles and what it was like to be a black kid in the 1920’s. The Harlem Renaissance caused him to speak out about his experiences. The source is written by R. A. Lawson and†¦show more content†¦Wright speaks on and writes about these subject because he was there and they had a direct influence on him as a person of color. Wright, later, wrote about his encounter because he felt as if he could co ntribute to the Civil Rights cause. This source is written by Richard Wright and published by Harper and Brothers. The fourth source is about The Great Depression’ impact on African Americans. In the excerpt, it talks about how some of the greatest writers came out of The Great Depression and Wright was one of them. In his books, he writes about the times of The Great Depression and how it affected everyone, not just the black community. This source is the same as the other ones as it expresses exigence, but it’s not of the same topic and, like the second and the first, this is a secondary source. Wright writes about how he expected the transition from the South to the North to be better, but it is, in fact, worse. He also speaks of the hardships that came with failure of the economy because witnessed it first hand. Part of his exigence is The Great Depression because he lived through it. This source is written by Joe W. Trotter and edited by Robert S. McElvaine. The fifth source is a biography about Wright and his accomplishments. In a specific part, it walks about how Wright â€Å"emerged as an international literary figure championing the causeShow MoreRelatedRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Introduction Richard Wright’s plead in the Blueprint for Negro Writing could be very well summarized in one of the famous words from Thomas Kempis, â€Å"Be not angry that you cannot make others as you wish them to be, since you cannot make yourself as you wish to be.† In this popular essay, Richard Wright denounced the Negro writers as he perceived them to be merely begging for the sympathy of the bourgeoisie instead of striving to present a lifeRead MoreEssay on Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance Two Historical Art Periods973 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: SURREALISM AND HARLEM RENAISSANCE Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance Two Historical Art Periods Elisa Montoya Western Governor’s University RIWT Task 1 May 13, 2013 SURREALISM AND HARLEM RENNAISANCE Comparing and Contrasting the Two Art Periods â€Å"Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance† 2 While there are many different historical art periods I will bring together two that I found to be extremely interesting. There are so many wonderful facts about all the different art periodsRead MoreThe Critical Impacts Of The Harlem Renaissance1066 Words   |  5 Pageshumanity’s recorded history is a creative balance between horrors endured and victories achieved, and so it was during the Harlem Renaissance. Although the Harlem Renaissance underlines the trouble of ethnic issue knowledgeable by African Americans all through the twentieth century. There were numerous critical impacts, for instance, artistic the growth. The Harlem Renaissance was an energetic affiliation amongst the 1920s where African Americans started composed and transported artistry and writingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribes the pitiful rations of food received by the enslaved. 3. Explain the following regarding the Harlem Renaissance (1919-1940) Definition- Harlem Renaissance, a cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanned the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the New Negro Movement, named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. ... The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts. Black artist’s common goal- The black artist’sRead MoreTaking a Look at African American Poets827 Words   |  3 PagesWho continues to ring bells when African American poets are mentioned? The legends who have influenced the path in which our ancestors fought hard to obtain in past generations. Booker T. Washington, Rita Dove, Richard Wright, Zora Hurston and Langston Hughes were a few among various highly influential poets during the 1900s. One of the biggest accomplishments of blacks today is that literature has developed from these African American poets. These individuals have set a tone and path to allow writersRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s The Negro Artist And The Racial Mountain ``1075 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Harlem Renaissance emerging artists sought to redefine the image of African Americans through their works to counter misconceived stigma which included perhaps most importantly, the ill-founded scientific belief that they were incapable of creative expression. Consequently, the space of Harlem invited opportunity for collaboration and publishing while simultaneously establishing the ideal era for artists to fight for the unification and acceptance of black identity. Therefore, in thisRead MoreExploring African American History : The Harlem Renaissance1521 Words   |  7 PagesTi’Anna Smith Period 1 AP World History 12-14-15 Exploring African American History: The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance originally known as the New Negro Movement was an important part of African American culture and history, which helped African Americans express themselves and celebrate their heritage. Between the years of 1890-1920 close to two million African Americans traveled from the rural southern states to the northern cities. They traveled to these northern cities in hopesRead MoreEssay on A Comparison Between Native Son and The Blacker2151 Words   |  9 PagesThurman and Richard Wright have contributed some of the most famous fictional works depicting Black culture in America. Since the two authors come from the same time period they share the experience of what it is like to be apart of the black race in America and depict it in separate but common ways. Both writers created works in the first half of the twentieth century that will be marked as some of the centurys most prolific novels. Coming from different periods, Thurman the Harlem Renaissance and WrightRead MoreEssay on Ralph Ellison Living with Music1434 Words   |  6 Pageshorizons were broadened to a world outside his own sheltered life in Oklahoma City, by the many books now available to him in the library. During his teenage years, Ellison and his friends imagined being the eclectic combination of frontiersmen and Renaissance Men. The ideal they created gave them the courage to expect anything out of life. They believed that they had the ability and power to do whatever they wanted in life as well as or better than men of any race. Ellison first used this credo whenRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. According to Wintz: The Harlem Renaissance was â€Å"variously known as the New Negro movement, the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to late 1920s, and then withered in the mid-1930s

Monday, December 9, 2019

Testing Statistical Hypothese Regression Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Testing Statistical Hypothese Regression Analysis. Answer: Introduction One of the largest networks in the world in retail electronic payments is operated by the company Visa Inc. The company is also one of the most recognized brands in financial services across the world. The company provides a lot of facilities to the global commerce. These facilities include information and value transfer within some financial institutions, consumers, businesses, merchants and government entities management. There are a lot of types of fraud cases that are going on in the world nowadays. The most frequent fraud case that is happening now is credit card fraud. This type of card fraud is happening online as well as offline. Thus, this credit card company Visa Inc. is running this research to identify some specific issues and reduce the frequency of card fraud. The primary objectives of this research are discussed as follows. To identify whether the number of card fraud is experienced differs across gender. To identify whether there is any difference across age group of people regarding card fraud. To determine whether the average time that is required to resolve the problem of card fraud is less than 12 hours or not. To determine the frequency of occurrence of online or offline card fraud. To determine whether there is any difference between the frequency of online and offline card fraud. To identify the influence of customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice and the level of communication on the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team. Research Design In order to perform this research, data has to be collected. The data that is collected is on the experience of the customers in personal fraud. 2000 customers were selected randomly using the technique of simple random sampling. Among these 2000 customers who were selected to fill the questionnaire, 420 only responded. Thus, the success rate of the responses is only 21 percent. The ethical considerations that has to be kept in mind while collecting the data and doing the research are given below (Cacciattolo, 2015): The participants involved in the research should not be subjected to any types of harm. Respect and priority should be given to the dignity of the participants involved in the research. The participants should give full consent before participating in the study. The privacy of the participants taking part in the research must be assured. The data collected for the research purpose should be kept confidentially and must not be disclosed to anybody other than the individuals who are directly related to the research. . The participants of the survey must be assured that their identities will not be disclosed anywhere. The research aims and objectives must not be exaggerated. Any affiliations that are offered to the research or any sources from which the funding for the research are obtained must be mentioned at the time of the research. Communications that are necessary in doing the research must be done honestly and transparently. Information that are misleading to the research and biasness of the data in analysis and representation must not be done. For the purpose of the research, the following hypothesis can be framed: Is the number of card fraud experienced the same across gender? Null Hypothesis (H01): There is no significant difference between the card fraud experienced by males and females. Alternate Hypothesis (HA1): There is significant difference between the card fraud experienced by males and females. Are there differences across age groups regarding card fraud? Null Hypothesis (H02): There is no significant difference across age groups regarding card fraud. Alternate Hypothesis (HA2): There is no significant difference across age groups regarding card fraud. 12 hours time significant as response time compared to what the customers have experienced before? Null Hypothesis (H03): There is no significant difference in the average response time from 12 hours Alternate Hypothesis (HA3): The average response time is less than 12 hours. Question 4: Is the frequency of online card fraud more than that of offline card fraud? Null Hypothesis (H04): There is no significant difference in the frequency of online card fraud from offline card fraud. Alternate Hypothesis (HA4): There is significant difference in the frequency of online card fraud from offline card fraud. Question 5: Do any of the customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice and the level of communication influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team? Null Hypothesis (H05): The customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice and the level of communication do not influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team Alternate Hypothesis (HA5): The customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice and the level of communication influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team. Statistical Technique and Justification The hypothesis that has been stated above has to be tested using appropriate statistical techniques management. The techniques required to test the above stated hypothesis will be discussed here. To test the first hypothesis, two sample t-test will be used. A two sample t test or an independent sample t test is the most appropriate test that can be used to compare the difference of the means of the two different groups of a single variable (Traitler, Coleman Burbidge, 2017). To test the second hypothesis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test will be used as this the most appropriate test to compare the means of more than two groups of a single variable (Wiley Pace, 2015). To test the third hypothesis, a one-sample t-test will be used as this is the most appropriate test to compare the mean of one variable with a pre determined mean of the variable (Chachi, Taheri Viertl, 2016). To test the fourth hypothesis, two sample t-test will be performed as this is the most appropriate test that can be used to compare the difference of the means of the two different groups of a single variable. To test the fifth hypothesis, regression analysis will be used as with the help of regression analysis only it is possible to find out whether there is any influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable (Draper Smith, 2014). It can be clearly observed that 34 percent of the respondents have not faced card fraud in the last 12 months. 66 percent of the respondents have experienced card fraud in the last 12 months. Thus, it can be said that most of the people around the world are now experiencing card fraud. The figures are given in table 5.1 and figure 5.1. Table 5.1: Number of people who faced card fraud in last 12 months Row Labels Count of Question1 1 278 2 142 Grand Total 420 Thus, as shown before, out of 420 respondents, 278 have experienced card fraud. Now, the difference between the numbers of card frauds experienced by these 278 people across gender has to be tested. At first, the difference between the numbers of offline card frauds has been tested. Table 5.2: Two-Sample t-test for difference in offline fraud Male Female Mean 4.40 4.24 Variance 23.44 23.64 Observations 126 152 Pooled Variance 23.55 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 276 t Stat 0.262 P(T=t) one-tail 0.397 t Critical one-tail 1.650 P(T=t) two-tail 0.793 t Critical two-tail 1.969 Statistical Interpretation: From table 5.2, it is evident that t-calculated (0.262) is less than t-critical (1.969) and p-value is more than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can accept the null hypothesis (H01) that there is no significant difference between the offline card fraud experienced by males and females (p-value 0.793) at 5 percent level of significance. The average number of times the females get card frauds offline does not differ much from the number of times the males get card fraud offline. Therefore, people should me much more careful so that nobody can fraud them. Table 5.3: Two-Sample t-test for difference in online fraud Male Female Mean 5.80 6.66 Variance 14.98 15.52 Observations 126 152 Pooled Variance 15.28 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 276 t Stat -1.818 P(T=t) one-tail 0.035 t Critical one-tail 1.650 P(T=t) two-tail 0.070 t Critical two-tail 1.969 Statistical Interpretation: From table 5.3, it is evident that t-calculated (-1.818) is less than t-critical (1.969) and p-value is more than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can accept the null hypothesis (H01) that there is no significant difference between the offline card fraud experienced by males and females (p-value 0.070) at 5 percent level of significance. The average number of times the females get card frauds online does not differ much from the number of times the males get card fraud offline. Therefore, people should me much more careful while accessing their cards online so that nobody can fraud them. Table 5.4: Summary Statistics for ANOVA on Offline Card Fraud Groups Count Sum Average Variance Less than 25 years 67 326 4.87 24.45 26-35 years 66 309 4.68 24.25 36-45 years 80 358 4.48 23.64 46-55 years 42 106 2.52 18.21 More than 55 years 23 100 4.35 24.15 Table 5.5: ANOVA Table on Offline Card Fraud Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 166.021 4 41.505 1.788 0.131 2.405 Within Groups 6335.753 273 23.208 Total 6501.773 277 Statistical Interpretation: From table 5.5, it is evident that f-calculated (1.788) is less than t-critical (2.405) and p-value is more than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can accept the null hypothesis (H02) that there is no significant difference between the offline card fraud experienced across different age groups (p-value 0.131) at 5 percent level of significance. Non-Statistical Interpretation: The average number of times the people of different age groups get offline card fraud has no significant difference. Thus, from here it can be said that people of all age groups has an equal chance of getting card fraud offline. Table 5.6: Summary Statistics for ANOVA on Online Card Fraud Groups Count Sum Average Variance Less than 25 years 67 417 6.22 16.02 26-35 years 66 463 7.02 12.66 36-45 years 80 516 6.45 15.74 46-55 years 42 206 4.90 16.04 More than 55 years 23 141 6.13 16.66 Table 5.7: ANOVA Table on Online Card Fraud Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 118.112 4 29.528 1.943 0.104 2.405 Within Groups 4148.654 273 15.197 Total 4266.766 277 Statistical Interpretation: From table 5.7, it is evident that f-calculated (1.943) is less than t-critical (2.405) and p-value is more than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can accept the null hypothesis (H02) that there is no significant difference between the online card fraud experienced across different age groups (p-value 0.104) at 5 percent level of significance. The average number of times the people of different age groups get online card fraud has no significant difference. Thus, from here it can be said that people of all age groups has an equal chance of getting card fraud online as well as offline. From table 5.8 given below, it can be seen clearly that the average time that can be lost by a customer suffering from online fraud is 13.65 hours. Table 5.8: Descriptive statistics for amount of time lost (in hours) in resolving the most recent incident of credit card fraud Mean 13.65 Standard Error 1.05 Median 1 Mode 1 Standard Deviation 17.562 Sample Variance 308.430 Kurtosis -0.991 Skewness 0.844 Range 50 Minimum 0 Maximum 50 Sum 3795 Count 278 The company Visa Inc. has set a time-period of 12 hours. To test whether there will be any significant improvement to the response time; the following test has been done. Table 5.9: One-Sample t-test for difference in service time from predefined mean Amount of time lost (in hours) in resolving the most recent incident of credit card fraud Mean 13.65 Variance 308.43 Observations 278 Hypothesized Mean Difference 12 df 277 t Stat 1.568 P(T=t) one-tail 0.059 t Critical one-tail 1.650 P(T=t) two-tail 0.118 t Critical two-tail 1.969 From Table 5.9, it is evident that t-calculated (1.568) is less than t-critical (1.650) and p-value is greater than the significance level (5% level of significance), thus, we can reject that alternate hypothesis (HA3) that the average service time in resolving the problem of online fraud is not less than 12 hours (p-value 0.059) at 5% level of significance. The average service time (13.65 hours) is not less than 12 hours (value obtained from forecasting model). Therefore, the average service time should be used while advertizing for the company. From table 5.10, it can be clearly understood that the average number of times an offline card fraud occurs is 4 and the average number of times an online card fraud occurs is 6. Table 5.10: Descriptive statistics measures for the frequency of online and offline card fraud Offline Card Fraud Online Card Fraud Mean 4 6 Standard Error 0.29 0.24 Median 0 6 Mode 0 1 Standard Deviation 4.845 3.925 Sample Variance 23.472 15.403 Kurtosis -1.896 -1.346 Skewness 0.292 -0.075 Range 10 12 Minimum 0 0 Maximum 10 12 Sum 1199 1743 Count 278 278 Table 5.11: Two-Sample t-test for difference in offline and online card fraud Offline Card Fraud Online Card Fraud Mean 4 6 Variance 23.47 15.40 Observations 278 278 Pooled Variance 19.44 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 554 t Stat -5.233 P(T=t) one-tail 0.000 t Critical one-tail 1.648 P(T=t) two-tail 0.000 t Critical two-tail 1.964 From table 5.11, it is evident that t-calculated (-5.233) is greater than t-critical (1.648) and p-value is less than the significance level (5 percent level of significance), thus, we can reject the null hypothesis (H04) that there is no significant difference between the offline and online card fraud (p-value 0.070) at 5 percent level of significance. Non-Statistical Interpretation: The average number of times people get card frauds online is much more than the number of times the people get offline card fraud. Therefore, the company Visa Inc. must invest in the updated online security that will decrease the number of online card fraud while doing online transactions. The following analysis has been performed to test the influence of the customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice, and the level of communication on the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team Table 5.12: Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.80 R Square 0.65 Adjusted R Square 0.64 Standard Error 1.04 Observations 278 Table 5.13: ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 3 536.252 178.751 166.415 0.000 Residual 274 294.310 1.074 Total 277 830.561 Table 5.14: Regression Coefficients Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 1.725 0.233 7.387 0.000 1.265 2.184 Response Time 0.246 0.058 4.271 0.000 0.133 0.360 Level of Advice 0.152 0.122 1.251 0.212 -0.087 0.392 Level of Communication 0.244 0.123 1.985 0.048 0.002 0.487 Statistical Interpretation From table 5.14, it can be seen clearly that coefficients of the independent variables response time, level of advice and level of communication are not equal to zero. Thus, it can be said that the null hypothesis (H05) is rejected. The variables response time, level of advice and level of communication does influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team. 65 percent of the overall satisfaction can be explained by the variables response time, level of advice and level of communication. The prediction equation can be given as follows: Overall satisfaction = 1.725 + (0.246 * Response Time) + (0.152 * Level of Advice) + (0.244 * Level of Communication) The average score of overall satisfaction can be predicted 65 percent correctly by the scores of response time, level of advice and the level of communication given by the customers. Since the correctness of the prediction is quite high, the company should try to improve these scores in order to maximize the overall satisfaction of the customers. From the analysis conducted above, it has been stated clearly that the average number of card frauds (online or offline) do not differ across gender. It has also been stated that the average number of online and offline card frauds do not differ across different age groups. The average time required by the company Visa Inc is more than 12 hours which is not the claim the company has made. It has also been observed that the frequency of online card fraud is much more than that of offline card fraud. Thus, the company should take suitable measures of increasing security to reduce the frequency of card fraud during online transactions. Further, it has also been observed from the analysis that the overall satisfaction of the customers is influenced by the response time, level of advice and the level of communication of the card fraud resolution team. Recommendations The company Visa Inc. should take rapid measures on the account of customer security to reduce the frequency of card fraud that is taking place currently at the time of online transactions. The company should also develop the response time, level of advice and the level of communication of the card fraud resolution team in order to increase the overall satisfaction of the customers. References Cacciattolo, M. (2015). Ethical considerations in research. InThe Praxis of English Language Teaching and Learning (PELT)(pp. 61-79). SensePublishers. Chachi, J., Taheri, S. M., Viertl, R. (2016). Testing statistical hypotheses based on fuzzy confidence intervals.Austrian Journal of Statistics,41(4), 267-286. Draper, N. R., Smith, H. (2014).Applied regression analysis. John Wiley Sons. Traitler, H., Coleman, B., Burbidge, A. (2017). Testing the hypotheses.Food Industry RD: A New Approach, 227-247. Wiley, J. F., Pace, L. A. (2015). Analysis of variance. InBeginning R(pp. 111-120). Apress.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Organ Donation Essays (1048 words) - Organ Donation, Medical Ethics

Organ Donation INTRODUCTION /ATTENTION STEP A. 1. Imagine that a loved one has just been severely injured in a car accident. 2. The injuries include brain trauma, broken bones, but most notably, a loss of two pints of blood, that your friend is in desperate need of. 3. Coincidentally your blood type matches. 4. Picture yourself at the scene of the accident. 5. Put yourself in the hospital waiting room, anticipating news from the doctors, hoping that your friend will survive. 6. What would you say when the doctor approaches you and tells you that in order to save your friends life, you must donate. B 1. Now hold that thought with one more element added. 2. You were in the car, however you were not as lucky as your friend. 3. You are now a victim token by the car crash. 4. Wouldn't you still hope to save a friend's life as your last wish? 5. Would you give any other organ necessary for your friend's survival? Your heart ? Your kidneys? Your liver? It's a matter of life and death. 6. If you had designated on your driver's license or carried some other means to communicate your decision to be an organ donor, your friends life could have been saved. TRANSITION: Does your driver's license designate you as an organ donor? BODY /PROBLEM STEP A. 1. Upon encountering this subject, much negative stigma is attached to the implications of organ donation. 2. The reality is, as we all know, that we are not invincible, and someday every one's time will come to an end. 3. The act of organ donation is a significantly compassionate and humane choice for a person to make. TRANSITION: Organ donation is a subject that affects all of us, but it is largely misunderstood. I will attempt to clarify the situation with? B: SOME COMPELLING FACTS ABOUT ORGAN DONATION 1. Doctors remark transplantation as one of the most remarkable success stories in the history of medicine. 2. Organ transplantation is an operation that is safe, lifesaving, and the technology that supports it is continually expanding. 3. As reported by the Coalition on Donation, 65,000 Americans are currently waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant. Meaning that their life is entirely dependent upon receiving the organ. 4. Tragically, every day 12 people will die awaiting a transplant. 5. That's over 4,000 people a year. Thankfully one donor can help more than fifty people in need. 6. Of the 2-million people who die in the United States each year, approximately 14,000 are believed to be viable organ donors, yet only 5,000 of these actually become donors. The remaining 9,000 are lost. At an average of 5 lives saved per Donor, that represents 45,000 lives lost each year - needlessly. (*see pie chart) C MYTHS ABOUT ORGAN DONATION 1. MYTH: Some Major Religions oppose organ donation. 2. FACT: All mainstream religions support organ donation and consider it a benevolent charitable act. 3. MYTH: Organ donation disfigures the body, making an open casket funeral impossible. 4. FACT: Organ Donation does not disfigure the body and does not interfere with funeral plans, including open casket services. 5. MYTH: Only heart, liver and kidneys can be transplanted. 6. FACT: The heart, kidneys, pancreas, lungs, liver and intestines are the organs that can be donated. Tissue that can be donated include the eyes, skin, bone, heart valves and tendons. TRANSITION: There is much more information readily available for furthering your understanding of the subject. D SOLUTION STEP/ PROJECTION STEP 1. For those who would like to know more about organ donation and how to pledge to be an organ donor, you can visit the web-site HTTP://www.organdonor.gov/contents.htm 2. Here you will find answers to all of your questions with links to most every resource available on the web. ACTION STEP TRANSITION: I hope that all of you will at least look this up next time that you are on the internet. Taking few a minutes of your time today may give others a chance to enjoy a lifetime. CONCLUSION 1. I urge you all to decide to be an organ donor. 2. If you do choose to be an organ donor, you should share your decision. 3. As the law stands today, it is ultimately up to the family, regardless of age, whether or not your decision will be upheld. 4. It is extremely important to tell your family about your intentions for organ donation. 5. The department of Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) emphasize that sharing the decision to become a donor is

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Motivation in the Workforce

Motivation in the Workforce The main question facing managers in an organization is motivation, how does it work, when to apply and to whom they should apply on. In today's organization, motivation plays an important role in determining whether a company will succeed or not. What is motivation? Motivation is the set of attitudes and values that predispose a person to act in a specific goal directed manner. It is an invisible inner state that energizes the human goal-directed behavior, which can be divided into two components which is the direction of a behavior working to reach a goal and the strength of the behavior. Within an organization the desired goals are often clearly defined. In motivation a manager normally seeks to change or maintain certain environmental factors so as to influence the inner drives which may change or sustain the behaviors of his subordinates.Motivation is different things to different people. It does not need to be a 'thing' that you do.English: Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs I tali...And if you see it as a culture rather than, 'We're doing Motivation today', it becomes a whole lot easier. In today's business environment, managers must employ an organizational culture, where motivation is the key to their mission as leaders.When studying motivation, the classic motivational theories of McGregor, Herzberg, and Maslow must not be forgotten, since they gives us a model to follow, that can be used in any situation. Either in the workplace or in our personal lives. For example, McGregor characterized people into two groups, labeled X and Y. Herzberg identified a two-factor theory regarding the motivation of employees. The motivation factors, when present, tend to create satisfaction or motivation in the minds of employees. The hygiene factors, when absent or perceived as inadequate, can create dissatisfied employees; yet, when present, do not add to satisfaction or...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

A Guide for Writing a Descriptive Essay Example + 40 Topics

A Guide for Writing a Descriptive Essay Example + 40 Topics A descriptive piece of writing is your chance to offer the reader see the picture with his own eyes.   Working on a descriptive essay example, you are going to provide your target audience with the perception through 5 senses. If you manage to do this the best way, your paper will be evaluated highly. If not, you are likely to get a low grade. Some students consider this piece of writing an interesting task to do. Others think it is much more difficult than any other written assignment. Are there any reasons to think so? Almost every day, you describe things with the aim to help other people imagine what you are talking about. Sometimes, listening to your description, the person understands what you mean from the 1st time. There are situations when it is extremely difficult to draw pictures using words. DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY WRITTEN BY PROFESSIONALS Not everyone has an ability to describe things in a bright clear manner.   This doesn't mean that you should just give up! No, never! This guide on how to compose a descriptive essay example will help you to learn writing basics. Follow the most effective tips for completing a paper that will 100% stand out! The Best Descriptive Essay Topics Collection Before you get started with the descriptive essay example writing, you should take several steps. The 1st one will be the selection of a topic. Choosing from descriptive essay topics, be guided by the rule to give preference to the topic you are familiar with and feel passionate about. It is very important for any type of paper, especially for this piece of writing. How can you describe the person you have never seen, the event you haven't attended, the phenomenon you haven't heard about? It is obvious that only being familiar with the main features and distinctive characteristics of the object/subject of your description, you'll be able to provide readers with a clear picture of this thing. Do you experience difficulties with the topic selection? Check descriptive essay topics and choose the one that sounds best. 10 Descriptive Essay Topics for Grade 8 Pick the topic you find the most interesting one: The portrait of my mother My best friend and me: common features we have The bird I like the most The perfect day of my life My favorite author My first school teacher How do I see my family dream house? What is my perfect weekend? What does the forest look like in winter? What makes my room unique? 10 Topics for Descriptive Essays High School Check a topics collection aimed at high-school students: What do I like/dislike in my appearance? Whom do you consider beautiful among celebrities? Describe the most interesting dream you have seen How should the best cup of coffee taste? Describe the best present in your life Do you believe that pets look similar to their owners? Describe your pet My room and the room of my sister/brother My father's character The smartphone of my dream Innovative characteristics of Apple gadget. 10 Descriptive Essay Topics for Middle School Check the collection of easy topics ideas: Which season do you consider best for traveling? What was your impression unwrapping birthday gifts? My favorite holiday celebration What kind of clothing style do you prefer? Describe the most beautiful sunset you have seen Which feelings does a person have going somewhere by plane? The prettiest girl/boy in my class The portrait of my grandparents My favorite food The best day of my life so far 10 Descriptive Essay Topics for College Have a look at descriptive essay topics that can be used by students studying at a college below: The mountain lake description How do you imagine the most romantic wedding day? Describe the feelings of a person who has fallen in love The person I love the most What kind of rest do I like? The worst summer holidays in my life Describe any labor activity Describe the process of writing a letter to a friend How do you choose gifts for your friends? Describe the process of work (your dad is repairing his car in the garage) The Best Tips on How to Write a Descriptive Essay Have you chosen the best topic? It is high time to learn how to structure this kind of paper the correct way. This genre doesn't differ much from other papers. Like any other one, it starts with an introduction, followed by the main body, and finally, there is the conclusion. Sure that this genre has its own distinctive features you should take into account. Don't you learn how to write a descriptive essay on A-grade? Check helpful tips for crafting a worthy descriptive paper that will impress your teacher. Offer the reader plunge into the world of your sensations. If two people are given a task to describe the same thing, they will do this differently. Every person perceives the world and everything that happens through his/her own vision. Being assigned to write a paper describing something, you should use a great opportunity to show how you see this/that object/person/event using the bright language rich in literary devices, which play a significant role in the reflecting atmosphere. Make your paper vivid. The key to success is to sound expressive. Your task is to help readers see the whole picture reading your paper. Words can work miracles being not less bright than a photograph. Help the reader understand the work’s purpose. Any paper topic has its purpose. The writer’s task is to provide readers with a clear understanding of what it is. Convey information following the outline. Making an outline is a must if you want to create a good work. A detailed plan will help not to miss any detail. Following the correct structure, there are all chances to craft a valuable piece of writing. If you aren't good at writing essays according to the structure, you are welcome to check how to write essay parts. Step by step, create a description that will sound real. ORDER YOUR DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY NOW The Introduction of a Descriptive Essay: How to Get Started? Some students spend hours brainstorming ideas on how to get started. Are you one of them? If you don't understand how to write a descriptive essay intro, start with a life story from your personal experience able to engage the reader. Your story should touch all 5 senses. Choose which one to start with. For example, describing a wedding day, start with the description of the atmosphere, music, decoration, etc. Make the reader guess what celebration it is. Creating intrigue works effectively. How to Craft a Powerful Descriptive Essay Thesis? A thesis statement is an obligatory part of your work. The purpose of this sentence is to introduce the key topic idea. The thesis should be clear and concise. It should be one informative paragraph.   Ã‚  Focus on the major idea, exclude everything that doesn't matter writing about the purpose and the way you are going to reach the goal. Tips on How to Write a Conclusion for a Descriptive Essay The end of the work should include the writer’s standpoint and the main points’ brief summary. Conclude the paper not leaving readers with questions left. Make it powerful because it has been proven that the reader's memory is organized in a way that implies he/she remembers the last words better than the main body’s information. Wonder how to write a descriptive essay conclusion? Check the example! Descriptive Essay Examples: Check the Correct One Before Getting Started! Is this the first time you need to craft a description? Check descriptive essay examples for you to understand how to do this the best way. Have a look at the example below. â€Å" The Woman I've Seen Once† Every day we see a lot of strangers passing them by without paying attention but that woman in the red dress stood out from the crowd. She was extremely beautiful. She knew about this and even felt proud of being like a model from the fashion magazine. She has long black hair, big black eyes that it was possible to dive into them and get lost forever like in the ocean. However, on their surface, I noticed waves of sorrow. The woman was standing silently.   The entire nature of hers was ready to scream from pain. Her eyes were full of tears looking at me - those were tears of sadness mixed with happiness. I wanted to come to her to ask what had happened. Unfortunately, something prevented me from this. I turned back, understood that she had disappeared. I did my best to find her seeing her nowhere. It was so strange because it seemed that her perfume was left in that park forever. I smelled it - it seemed so familiar to the one my mom had. She died when I was five. I wanted to find her seeing her in everyone. I will never forget the woman who looked so similar to my mom because she had such a sad face. I think that there are no meetings, which take place by chance. I am sure, that one has been planned by someone. Who was she? This has remained a secret. This doesn't matter because her appearance gave me a chance to see the image of my mom once again and feel her love wherever she is now†. A Descriptive Essay Outline Sample Depending on what you are going to write about, your outline will differ. Describe a person's appearance, an event, a process, a natural phenomenon, a picture, etc. In each case, the outline’s content will differ while the main structural elements we have already discussed above will remain. Check the descriptive essay outline sample that you can use describing a person. I. Introduction: The overall impression The features you have noticed 1st II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Main Body: The description of the face/body parameters The description of the clothes The behavior of the person III.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion: Does the character of the person suit the appearance? What kind of features helped to find out what kind of personality the person has? The personal observations Advice from an Expert on How to Write a Descriptive Essay Example Write your work only after checking successful descriptive essay examples. Keep in mind that to complete a good essay of this genre, you need to be very careful with details. Don't make a big mistake considering details not very important for the overall impression. If writing about the person, analyze both the appearance/character, find out what the face features, clothes can tell about the personality. Describing any person/animal/not alive object, remember that you should have a clear picture of the topic to impress the reader with your detailed story. Use senses to help the reader see, smell, taste, hear, touch what you are writing about. Prof. Mary K., online essay writer from EssayPro Our Professionals Craft the Perfect Essay Worth A+! Have checked the descriptive essay example being unsure you can write this type of work on A+? Our professionals with years of experience will give a helping hand! Share the topic/the teacher's guidelines and we will do our best to exceed his/her expectations. We have a team of reliable writers treating the process of crafting essays as an opportunity to realize their potential. Just contact us writing â€Å"Write my essay cheap†. You will be pleasantly surprised by affordable prices per page we offer our customers to pay for. Forget about sleepless nights/long working hours during the day! We are here to help 24/7! Our experts are always ready to offer necessary academic assistance with any kind of work, regardless of the difficulty level! Don't hesitate to use our services if getting a high score is of the utmost importance for you! We promise you'll never regret hiring one of our well-educated talented writers! Tell us your wish - we will tailor our service to your personal wants/needs!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

CIT Summary and Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CIT Summary and Response Paper - Essay Example For that reason, therefore, the principle of common good seeks the good of all members of the society, as opposed to the selfish interests of the individual members of the society. The common good can be understood analogously as the social and the community dimension of the moral good. This is because just as the moral actions of an individual are accomplished in doing what is right, the actions of a society attain their full stature when they bring about the common good. Every human society that is aimed at serving its members should ensure that it guided by the principle of the common good. This is because human beings cannot find fulfilment individually, i.e. in isolation from other people; the happiness of the individual members of a human society is dependent on the common good of the society. For this reason, therefore, every member of the society should commit themselves in seeking the common good of the whole society. The principle of the common demands respect of the human person and his fundamental rights; the principle of the common good, therefore, demands that there should be peace and justice in the society. This is because peace and justice are a necessary conditions for the respect of fundamental rights of the human rights in the society. A community with the principle of common good, therefore, should ensure that its members are able to meet their basic needs, and that they are guaranteed their fundamental freedoms/liberties that respect their fundamental rights. Although common good is quite import in every society and every member of the society should seek it, attaining the common good, however, is not easy. This is because common good requires that we should seek the good of other people as if it were our own good. Since every person in the society has the right to enjoy the social conditions that are brought about by the quest for common good, there should be social justice in the

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Law - Essay Example However it was soon realized that the current definition was not adequate and hence required to be redefined to include a broader perspective. Accordingly various additional set of activities were included to broaden the scope of the term. According to section 11 of the Banking Act, certain activities included in the definition applied only to individuals and / or corporations, and any non-corporation which is not defined under this section, is forbidden to carry out â€Å"any banking business†. Similarly under section 8, non-ADI corporations are forbidden from carrying out â€Å"any banking business† (Comlaw, 2011). There is an ambiguity over the term â€Å"any banking business†. The sections 7 and 8 of the banking act prohibit the execution of 'any banking business' although there is no clear consensus regarding the term. There are serious doubts regarding what can possibly be considered as "any banking business". According to the section 5, banking business in cludes acceptance of funds from the public AND making loans to them, but whether a business which is involved in only accepting deposits but not make any loans, is considered as 'banking business' and vice versa, is questionable (Weaver et al, 2003). In Commissioners of the State Savings Bank of Victoria v Permewan, Wright & Co. Ltd, Issacs J, stated that the "essential characteristics of the business of banking may be described as the collection of money by receiving deposits upon loan, repayable when and as expressly or impliedly agreed upon, and the utilization of the money so collected by lending it again, in such sums as are required (Guest, Chalmers, 2005, 11). In United Dominions Trust Ltd v Kirkwood [1966] 2 QB 431 at 445ff, Lord Denning stated that, the times have changed drastically, ever since the definition of banking put forward by Issac, and newer instruments of payment are now added and used as acceptable modes of payment. This includes the use of cheques - crossed as well as uncrossed, and hence the same must also be included within the definition of banking (Gillies, 2004, 780). The Privy Council, in Bank of Chettinad Ltd v Colombo v Income Tax Commissioners, Colombo [1948] A.C. 378, accepted the following definition of banking: "a company which carries on as its principal business, the accepting of deposits of money on current account or otherwise, subject to withdrawal by cheque, draft or order (Brindle, Cox and Coleman, 2004, 426). The definition of 'business of banking' discussed so far, are inadequate on two grounds: firstly, there is significant ambiguity over the term "any business" used in the definitions and secondly, not all modes of payments are appropriately covered under the definitions. Thus on account of these two reasons, defining what comprises of 'the business of banking' becomes a daunting task. 2. The two key duties imposed on customers in accordance with MacMillan and Greenwood rule under the Australian law include (Hockin g, Smith, 1999, 156): (i) The duty to exercise adequate care while drawing cheques so as to prevent misleading the bank or to encourage forgery – (the MacMillan duty) and (ii) The duty to inform the bank if any cheques allegedly signed by the customers are forged (the Greenwood duty) The first duty was laid down in the London Joint Stock Bank Ltd. v Macmillan case while the second was laid down in the Greenwood v Martins Bank Ltd., case (Kelly & Holmes, 1997,

Sunday, November 17, 2019

How Technology Affects Teenagers Essay Example for Free

How Technology Affects Teenagers Essay Technology has changed the way we as humans live; it changes our understanding of the way things work and changes the way we interact with one another. Technology was once opposed but is now somewhat welcomed into our homes. During the renaissance period, technology was opposed, as the church believed that technology would oppose the beliefs of god. Well they were right. Technology isn’t just computers or TV’s, its engineering science. And in Science, our goal is to progress and understand everything there is to understand about us, our planet and beyond. However, the way we understand and experience this concept the most is that its just to make our lives much more efficient. When you look around, what do you see? Just at an intersection in downtown New York or Los Angeles, you see people walking around with cell phones and carrying around laptop cases, other’s just listening to music. But then the companies that build these types of technology want to make them better and more efficient. So they keep releasing new devices that are smaller and faster and mostly more costly. Technology has changed the way we as humans live; it changes our understanding of the way things work and changes the way we interact with one another. Technology was once opposed but is now somewhat welcomed into our homes. During the renaissance period, technology was opposed, as the church believed that technology would oppose the beliefs of god. Well they were right. Technology isn’t just computers or TV’s, its engineering science. And in Science, our goal is to progress and understand everything there is to understand about us, our planet and beyond. However, the way we understand and experience this concept the most is that its just to make our lives much more efficient. When you look around, what do you see? Just at an intersection in downtown New York or Los Angeles, you see people walking around with cell phones and carrying around laptop cases, other’s just listening to music. But then the companies that build these types of technology want to make them better and more efficient. So they keep releasing new devices that are smaller and faster and mostly more costly. Technology has changed the way we as humans live; it changes our understanding of the way things work and changes the way we interact with one another. Technology was once opposed but is now somewhat welcomed into our homes. During the renaissance period, technology was opposed, as the church believed that technology would oppose the beliefs of god. Well they  were right. Technology isn’t just computers or TV’s, its engineering science. And in Science, our goal is to progress and understand everything there is to understand about us, our planet and beyond. However, the way we understand and experience this concept the most is that its just to make our lives much more efficient. When you look around, what do you see? Just at an intersection in downtown New York or Los Angeles, you see people walking around with cell phones and carrying around laptop cases, other’s just listening to music. But then the companies that build these types of technology want to make t hem better and more efficient. So they keep releasing new devices that are smaller and faster and mostly more costly.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Sociological Theory: Positivistic, Interpretative, And Critical Essay

Sociological Theory: Positivistic, Interpretative, and Critical Comment on the three types of sociological theories, explain and argue, based on your library or Internet research, which type of theory is the most appropriate theory for sociology to adopt. The three general types of sociological theory are positivistic, interpretive and critical theory.In determining which theory is the most appropriate for sociology to adopt,a basic understanding of each theory's strengths and weaknesses is necessary.In defining each of these theories, it is important to determine the ontological basis orthe theory's basis for determining what is knowable; the epistemological basis or the theory's relationship between the knower and the knowable; and, finally, the methodological basis or the theory's method for gathering data and obtaining knowledge. A.POSITIVISTIC 1.Ontology. The positivistic theory is based on an ontology ofbeing a realist.The realistic slant of positivism is also known as determinism.The positivist knows that a reality is "out there" to be defined and categorized.The hard sciences from the time of Newton and Decartes have traditionally relied on the positivistic approach.The positivist hopes to be able to approximate "reality" in a detailed generalization or theory on how reality operates.The theories of a positivist generallytake the form of cause and effect laws describing the outside reality.Robert Merton defined these theorems as "clear verifiable statements of the relationships between specified variables." 2.Epistemology. Positivism relies onan objective epistemology.The observer remains distant and does not interact with the observation or experiment.Values and any other factors that might lead to bias are to be carefully removed so that the cold, monological gaze of science can be used to analyze the data.The positivist is an objectivist. 3.Methodology. The methodology of positivism is experimental and manipulative. The approach is the same as propounded in most junior high science classes:begin with a hypothesis on how "reality" works, then gather data and test the data against the hypothesis.The question propounded initially is tested against empirical data gathered in the experiment under carefully controlled conditions. B.INTERPRETIVE 1.Ontology. The interpretivist ontology is relativism.The... ...late objectivity. This is not the same as objectivism.Each has its own "norms for proceeding with a particular form of inquiry in a rational manner."However, because of the orientation of each theory, the end results will vary. Based upon these difference, critical theory does not seem to be a theory that should be adopted by sociologists.It belongs more in the realm of politics and legislation.Critical theory in that context could take advantage of scientific inquiry by both positivistic and interpretive sociologists to make determinations about social change.If indeed critical theorist are to be involved in sociological study, full disclosure of prejudices and objectives would be needed for any inquiry to be beneficial and trustworthy. Postpositivism remains the best approach for observing the exteriors of society.Coupled with the interpretivist's view of the interior culture, the two theories working hand in hand would be most beneficial for the sociologist in examining society.Utilizing a dual approach would be the most comprehensive and give the scientific inquiry both depth and span in evaluating our societies and creating a useable body of sociological research.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Laura Robertsons: “Girl Unprotected” Essay

Personal fulfillment is not a genetic attribute; it is evolved individually over time, and changes in time it takes to achieve. Personal fulfillment is not deteriorated by lack of action, therefore it is subject to change, it may increase or decrease in a person’s life. A individual can acquire personal fulfillment through family, friends, exposure and environment. The Rez Sisters is a play written by Tomson Highway. Readers are introduced to seven extravagant characters, all of whom are residents of Wasaychigan Hill Indian Reserve, in Manitoba Island, Ontario. These seven characters are sisters, half ­sisters, a sister ­in ­law and an adopted niece, known all together as the Rez sisters. Each one of these women are on their own journey to self ­fulfillment, wanting to acquire confidence, peace of mind and simply, to be satisfied with their life. The women raise money to fund a trip to The Biggest Bingo in the World, where they could potentially win the jackpot and fulfill their most desired wishes. In the preparation and on the journey, the women reveal their stories and their relationships with each other. In the play The Rez Sisters, Tomson Highway uses Bingo to symbolize the risks and gambles that life possesses, Pelajia’s hammer to symbolize the ability to create, build and even reshape destiny, and the color black which signifies strength and empowerment in order to depict the essentials an individual must have in order to acquire personal fulfillment  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ whatever it may be. First, when readers are introduced to Pelajia Patchnose she is dressed in men’s attire and â€Å"is alone on the roof of her house, nailing shingles on† (1113). It symbolizes a woman who is not bound by culturally defined gender roles, is independent and therefore strong. From this initial introduction to the moment when the seven women are in an argument, Pelajia’s hammer almost seems as if it never leaves her side; the mental and emotional strength she possesses never truly diminishes but only gets stronger. Pelajia uses her hammer on other occasions as well; when all seven of the women get into an argument â€Å"she raises her hammer at veronique† (1132), with the intention to scare her and obtain dominance through fear. Some may view the hammer as a weapon and/or a symbol of defense such as Thor’s hammer. In Germanic mythology Thor’s Hammer is called ‘Mjollnir’, meaning ‘crusher’(Davidson Ellis, 1965), unlike the symbol depicted in The Rez Sisters, Thor’s hammer symbolizes a weapon used to kill. In many myths, â€Å"Thor sometimes uses the hammer as a blunt instrument, to shatter the skulls of his opponents†(Dav idson, Ellis. 1965). A hammer is seen as a tool used to construct and reshape. This is evident when Pelajia physically uses her hammer in the opening scene to rebuild her home. A hammer also represents the ability to change, Pelajia was not only able to change the physical state of her home, but has the ability to change any aspect of her life and manipulate it in order to fulfill her personal desires. In her words: the â€Å"trusty silver hammer† (1114) is her source of strength, the strength an individual needs to overcome obstacles and barriers in order to conquer life and their own destiny in a way that leads to the best results. The symbolism amplifies the theme of the passage because an individual must be tough like the iron end of a hammer, have the ability to mold themselves to changing circumstances and acquire an intense drive and commitment to get through challenging times if they want to fulfill their personal aspirations. Next, when the topic of The Biggest Bingo in the World is brought up, readers learn   what a big deal the bingo was to Wasy women, it symbolizes the tempting gambles life has to offer. No individual can truthfully say they have had enough willpower to overcome the wrath of temptation. It is like a bad cold; everyone attempts to avoid it as much as possible, but at some point, it gets the best of everyone, including the Wasy women. Each woman had her own desires but they all shared a collective journey towards them. In order to attend The Biggest Bingo in the World the women had to overcome an obstacle which was to raise enough money to travel to Toronto where it was being held. On the journey to self ­fulfilment a person is bound to face obstacles, it is up to the individual if they want to let that hurdle stop them, or gain the inner strength to overcome it. The Wasy women chose the latter; â€Å"the women start[ed] their funding activities with a vengeance†(1143) raising a total of at least â€Å"$1,400†(1143) which was a large sum of money especially on the Wasaychigan Hill Indian Reserve, since there were â€Å"no jobs† (1115). The women had to ask themselves another tough question; Considering the possibility of returning home empty handed, was risking this much money to win The Biggest Bingo in the World worth it? By using bingo as a symbol, Highway suggests that in order to accomplish personal fulfillment you need to take chances in life even if they may seem risky at first. Taking risks empowers you to establish new limits in your mind. As Stacia Pierce, a columnist from the Huffington Post states â€Å"we all have boundaries or a comfort zone where we [would] like to stay and many have misconstrued visions of what we think we deserve or are capable of accomplishing†(Huffington Post, 2013). When you take risks, you can basically destroy such a mindset and continue to establish new boundaries, improve your perspective on life   and your ability to achieve on high levels. Finally, throughout the play there are numerous reoccurances of the color black, it symbolizes the depths of the unknown and encourages the imagination of a different world from that of everyday realities. Tomson Highway uses this symbolism when he describes the transition of Nanabush from a Seagull to the Nighthawk. The Nighthawk is the dancer in dark feathers with â€Å"black wings†(1154) as Zhaboonigan describes. In Native American culture the color black was perceived as a â€Å"living† color and worn on the face to prepare for war (WarPaths2PeacePipes, 2014). Black is an extremely aggressive color. Black meant strength. It also indicated that the wearer was a powerful warrior who had proved himself in battle, therefore black was also used to symbolize victory and human life. By using the color black as a symbol, Highway shows readers that there is no boundary to the extent of personal fulfillment; the amount of things an individual can accomplish in their lifetime is endless. Highway utilizes three components: Bingo, Pelajia’s hammer and the color black to embody the necessities a person needs in order to be successful in achieving any form of personal fulfillment; A person needs to be able to take risks, have strength to construct their own destiny and to explore beyond their imaginations. All these qualities are binded together with one common aspect that is easily relatable: self ­confidence. Initially, once an individual builds self ­confidence they easily surpass their goal which then creates a type of   momentum, where they fulfill every single one of their desires to the point where they are not only satisfied with life, but truly happy with it as well.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

A Biographical Review of the Glass Menagerie

A Biographical Analysis of The Glass Menagerie and Tennessee Williams It’s apparent in the play and the life of Tennessee Williams that he was, in fact, writing about himself and his family when he wrote The Glass Menagerie. The Glass Menagerie was the first success of Tennessee Williams career. He says in the beginning of the play, †I give you truth in the pleasant disguise of illusion† (Williams 47). The characters Tom, Laura, and Amanda are very much like Williams, his sister Rose, and his mother Edwina.We are able to see this when we look into Tennessee Williams’ life. Tom, the narrator, can be viewed as himself, Thomas Lanier Williams. There are many similarities between his life and his character Tom’s life. These similarities can be found in his actions, the actions in the life of his family. First we look at Tennessee Williams life, and how it is very identical to the life of the character Tom. â€Å"He is the narrator, an undisguised inventi on of the play. He takes whatever license with dramatic convention as is convenient to his purposes.I am the narrator of the play, and also a character in it. The other characters are my mother, Amanda, my sister, Laura. † (Williams 47). Tom is the narrator, and the narrator is the one who tells the story, we can justify that Tom resembles Tennessee Williams. This means we can also relate Amanda to Williams mother Edwina Williams and Laura as his sister, Rose Williams. Tennessee Williams dropped out of high school when his father asked him to leave school to work in a warehouse. In the play, Tom also dropped out of school to work in a shoe factory.Tom says,† Listen! You think I’m crazy about the warehouse! You think I’m in love with the Continental Shoemakers? You think I want to spend fifty-five years down there in that Celotex interior! With fluorescent tubes! Look! I’d rather somebody picked up a crowbar and battered out my brains than go back mor nings! † (Williams 56). Both Williams and Tom blamed their families for their horrible jobs and the lives they lived. Williams loved poetry and was his way of escaping the thought of his terrible job and depressing life. Tom is also a poet in our play. Jim knew of my secret practice of retiring to a cabinet of the washroom to work on poems when business was slack in the warehouse. He called me Shakespeare. † (Williams 68). Both Tom and Williams wanted to get out of their real lives by playwright and poetry. Like Tom, Tennessee Williams left home to live in New Orleans when he was 28. Moreover, Tom is a little bit younger than this in the play. Tom leaves home in the end because it is holding him back from what he wants to do. â€Å"His nature is not remorseless, but to escape from a trap he has to act without pity. † (Williams 46).The father in The Glass Menagerie worked for a phone company who fell in love with distance. †He gave up the job with the telepho ne company and skipped the light fantastic of this town. † (Williams 47). Tennessee Williams’ father was a traveling salesman. Just like in The Glass Menagerie, Williams’ father was also not home as often as his family would’ve liked. While he was growing up, Tennessee Williams and his family moved into an apartment in St. Louis. The front door of their house was opening up to look at an alley. In the play, Tom describes to the audience where his family lives.He says, â€Å"The apartment faces an alley and is entered by a fire-escape, a structure whose name is a bit of accidental truth, for all of these huge buildings are always burning with the slow and implacable fires of human desperation. â€Å"(Williams 46). Also, Tennessee Williams eventually spent some time at Washington University in St. Louis but ended up going to the University of Iowa instead. In The Glass Menagerie, Tom’s mother Amanda says to him, â€Å"a night-school course in accou nting at Washington-U! Just think what a wonderful thing that would be for you son. † (Williams 62).We can see how Tennessee Williams didn’t want to remain in St. Louis University to attend school. Tennessee Williams and his sister were very close. him around like a ghost through his life and his art because she was not all there with him. However, he loved her very much, like Tom in The Glass Menagerie loves his sister Amanda. Tom says to his mother, â€Å"Laura seems all those things to you and me because she’s ours and we love her. We don t even notice she’s crippled anymore. † (Williams 66). It is also true that the Character Laura in The Glass Menagerie is very much like Williams’ sister Rose.She was diagnosed clinically insane in 1938 after he graduated from the University of Iowa. It’s obvious that Laura seems very strange sometimes. Tom say’s â€Å"Laura is very different from other girls. Through the eyes of strangers, she’s terribly shy, and lives in a world of her own and those things maker her seem a little peculiar to people outside the house. † (Williams 66). Rose spent almost all of her life in sanitariums. Edwina tried to find Rose a mate by sending her to Business College, but failed her first assignment and never continued.Amanda says to Laura, â€Å"No dear, you go in the front room and study your typewriter chart. Or practice your shorthand a little. Stay fresh and pretty! It’s almost time for our gentlemen callers to start arriving. (Williams 50). Amanda had also sent Laura to business school. In the play, Laura cracks under pressure and the scrutiny of her typewriting teacher and does not get a job to support her self. In Amanda and in Rose Williams’ life there was a gentleman caller in particular for Rose/Laura, who opened them up but never came back. â€Å"We are going to have one. What? A gentleman caller!Do you realize that he’s the first young man we’ve introduced to your sister? It’s terrible, dreadful, disgraceful that poor little sister has never received a single gentleman caller! † (Williams 64). Both in our play and also for the real Rose Williams, hopes were restrained on this young man whose characters referred to as Jim in The Glass Menagerie. Jim mistakes Laura’s absence of school for her sickness as Blue Roses and ends up referring to her as this through high school. This can also provide evidence that Laura is Rose Williams. In the start of The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams says this about Laura. A childhood illness has left her crippled exquisitely fragile. † (Williams 46). Rose was more mentally inept instead of having bad leg like Laura. However, they are both defected fragile young women who were abandoned by their fathers, gentlemen callers, and brothers in the end. Williams and his mother didn’t get along much and says this of her, â€Å"A little woman of g reat but confused vitality clinging frantically to another time and place certainly she has endurance and a kind of heroism, and though her foolishness makes her unwittingly cruel at times, there is great tenderness in her slight person. (Williams 46). This identifies description of what Edwina Williams was like. She obviously had many bad experiences with Tennessee Williams’ father that made her sad and difficult for Williams. Furthermore even though they didn’t get along, Williams loved his mother very much. His mother raised Williams almost entirely herself. She was domineering of him and very sheltering. Proof can be found during the exchange at the dinner table Amanda says to Tom â€Å"So chew your food and give your salivary glands a chance to function! You re not excused from the table.You smoke too much. † (Williams 48). There are many instances where it is shown that, like in real life, the mother and son have a difficult time with each other. Tom is ve ry impatient of his mother but later says, â€Å"now that we cannot hear the mothers speech, her silliness is gone and she has dignity and tragic beauty. † (Williams 88). This evidence proves that, in the end, Williams loved his mother very much In the end of the play Tom says †Oh Laura, Laura, I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be!I reach for a cigarette, I cross the street, I run into the movies or a bar, I buy a drink, and I speak to the nearest stranger anything that can blow your candles out! For nowadays the world is lit by lightning! Blow out your candles, Laura and so good-bye. â€Å"(Williams 88). Tennessee Williams’ literary work was entirely in recognition and memoir to his sister, his family, and his life. Works Cited Rusinko, Susan. â€Å"Biography Of Tennessee Williams. † Critical Insights: Tennessee Williams. 8-13. n. p. : Salem Press, 2010. Literary Reference Center. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. Williams, Tennes see. The Glass Menagerie. New York: New Directions, 1999. Print.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Definition of Collective Noun

Definition of Collective Noun Definition: A singular noun that stands for a group of things or beings. In both English and Spanish, collective nouns are commonly used when referring to groups of animals, such as a flock of sheep (un rebaà ±o de ovejas) and a school of fish (un banco de peces). But they are also used in many other contexts as well. It is common to follow a collective noun with the preposition of (de in Spanish) and a plural noun, as in the two examples above, but it is not necessary, especially when the meaning is clear from the context. In standard English, collective nouns, when the subject of a sentence, are typically used with a singular verb: The class of students studies hard. In Spanish, a verb that immediately follows a collective noun is singular: La gente tiene mucho dinero. (The people have a lot of money. Note that this is an example of a Spanish singular noun that normally requires a plural translation in English.) But when there is a plural noun between the collective noun and verb, either a singular or plural verb can be used in everyday speech and writing, with the plural verb probably being more common. Thus you might hear both La bandada de pjaros se acercà ³ (The flock of birds approached, singular verb) and La bandada de pjaros se acercarà ³n (The flock of birds approached, plural verb), with no appreciable difference in meaning. Also known as: Nombre colectivo in Spanish. Examples: group of people (grupo de personas), team (equipo), a score of years (una veintena de aà ±os), den of lions (guarida de leones)

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Using the Spanish Verb Salir

Using the Spanish Verb Salir Although salir is a very common verb that means to leave in the sense of to depart or to go out, it also has a variety of other meanings that may not immediately be obvious. Fast Facts Salir is a common verb that most often means to leave or to exit.In some contexts, salir can have other meanings that generally refer to the change in status, appearance, or location of someone or something as the result of an action.Salir is conjugated irregularly. Salir Meaning 'To Leave' Here are some examples of sentences with salirs most common meaning: Los Cubs salieron de Los ngeles con una victoria. (The Cubs left Los Angeles with a victory.) ¿Cundo saliste por primera vez de tu casa con tu bebà ©? (When did you leave home for the first time with your baby?)Mi avià ³n sale a las nueve con destino a Tijuana. (My plane leaves at 9 for Tijuana.)Voy a salir a comprar leche. (Im going out to buy milk.)Propongo que salgamos a la calle a celebrar el campeonato. (I suggest we go out to the street to celebrate the championship.)Saldrà © muy motivado pero sà © que no ser fcil. (I will leave very motivated, but I know it wont be easy.) Salir With Other Meanings Here are some other meanings of salir with sample sentences: to turn out: Me salià ³ bien la prueba. (The quiz turned out well for me.) Salà ­ enoja en la foto. (I turned out looking angry in the photo.)to appear (often said of a bodily condition): Me sale pus de los pendientes. (Im getting pus from my earrings.) Si lo tocas te saldr urticaria. (If you touch it youll break out in hives.)to rise (said of astronomical bodies): El sol sale hoy a las 7:12. (The sun rises today at 7:12.)to be published or disseminated: Estaba viendo el televisor cuando salià ³ las noticias de lo que habà ­a pasado en Nueva York. (I was watching the television when they told the news of what had happened in New York.) El libro salià ³ a la venta en los primeros dà ­as de noviembre. (The book went on sale in the first days of November.) In a negative form with an indirect object, salir can indicate the inability to accomplish something: No le salià ³ como esperaba. (It didnt turn out as he hoped.) No me sale este problemita de distancia entre 2 puntos. (I cant figure out this simple problem about the distance between two points.) In the reflexive form, salirse sometimes refers to some type of overflowing or leak: Pese a que hace seis meses se crearon las nuevas canalizaciones, el agua se salà ­a inundando las calles. (Despite it being six months since the new pipes were installed, the water leaked, flooding the streets.) The phrase salirse con la suya usually means to get ones way: Chvez se salià ³ con la suya y Coca-Cola retirà ³ el producto de la venta. (Chavez got his way and Coca-Cola took the product off the market.) Salir can also be a part of some common phrases: salir con (to go out with) - Teresa sale con Josà ©. (Teresa is going out with Jose.)salir de (to come from) - La leche es un alimento que sale de las vacas. (Milk is a food that comes from cows. Salir de more commonly means to leave or to exit.)salir caro (to be expensive): Sale muy caro deportar indocumentados. (It is very costly to deport undocumented people.) As always with words that have more than one meaning, pay attention to context in order to determine what is meant. Related Words La salida is a common noun with meanings related to those of salir. They include an exit or way out, the solution to a problem, a departure, the rising of the sun (or other astronomical body) and various kinds of output. The adjective salido can refer to something that is bulging or protruding. It can also refer to an animal in heat (or the human equivalent). The adjective saliente can refer to someone or something thats important or prominent, or to a politician who is leaving office. Conjugation of Salir Salir is often regular, but it adds a g to the stem in some forms and also modifies the ending in the indicative future and conditional tenses. Here are the irregular forms: Present indicative: yo salgo Future indicative: yo saldrà ©, tà º saldrs, à ©l/ella/usted saldr, nosotros/nosotras saldrà ­amos, vosotros/nosotras saldrà ©is, ellos/ellas/ustedes saldrn Conditional: yo saldrà ­a, tà º saldrà ­as, à ©l/ella/usted saldrà ­a, nosotros/nosotras saldrà ­amos, vosotros/nosotras saldrà ­ais, ellos/ellas/ustedes saldrà ­n Present subjunctive: yo salga, tà º salgas, à ©l/ella/usted salga, nosotros/nosotras salgamos, vosotros/nosotras salgis, ellos/ellas/ustedes salgan Affirmative imperative: sal tà º, salga usted, salgamos nosotros/nosotras, salgan ustedes Negative imperative: no salgas tà º, no salga usted, no salgamos nosotros/nosotras, no salgis vosotros/vosotras, no salgan ustedes.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Malala Yousafzai and Her Leadership Style Assignment

Malala Yousafzai and Her Leadership Style - Assignment Example The author of the paper tells that Malala Yousafzai was nominated for the Nobel peace prize in 2013 and 2014, winning it in the latter year, and becoming the youngest noble winner. In her push in promoting education for the girl child, she has exhibited several leadership styles. The three main leadership styles are discussed to better understand her style and her influence on the society. Malala Yousafzai can be seen practicing both participative and laissez-faire style of leadership as she is involved in promoting girls education through social media and other news channels. She is actively involved in the process, and she takes every opportunity she gets to pass across the message. Democratic or Participative leadership seeks to obtain cooperation of workers in achieving organizational goals by allowing them to participate in decision-making. It does not relieve the leader of his decision-making responsibilities of his power over subordinates, but it requires that he recognise sub ordinates as capable of contributing positively to decision making. Laissez Faire Style (Free Reign) does not depend on the leader to provide external motivation but, the workers motivate themselves based on their needs, wants and desires. They are given goals and left on their own to achieve them. The leader assumes the role of a group member. Her actions portray her as a strong-willed woman who does not relent on her goal no matter what challenges come her way. She faced death threats from the Taliban but she did not give up on her mission to advocate the girl child education. She wrote a blog on the issue without fear of the threat she had received. This resulted in an attempted assassination that failed. She recovered from the injuries sustained with increased vigour to promote girls education on every platform she had.

Thursday, October 31, 2019

A Report on Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Report on Politics - Essay Example Body (The speech) There are different connotations that are in the word motivation. You cannot expect that Things are going to occur for you just by chance. In fact, the world we live in requires some initiative. The more problems we get, the more complacent we become (Jouzel.et al,.1987). There is no way that this is a good thing. First of all, we inherited a good-to-do world from our parents. It is our obligation to make sure that the world we live behind is better than what we found. All of us have an inner belief. We are very convinced of a cause that is far greater than ourselves. God withstanding, the world expects wonders out of us. It is difficult already to live in the present world, but imagine how it will be in years to come. Yes, our forefathers inherited a world in which life was not as hard. But it is in our capacity to make sure that at least our children will understand the dynamics of this world. We undoubtedly belong to the same class. Every one of us is expected to depart this world at some point. It is therefore fundamental that we make sure that the world we leave behind is better than we found it. Looking at things from a critical perspective, the world as we know it is slowly disappearing. The politics of the day are about segregation more than anything. Africa has become the stage for ethnic conflicts. There, people turn against each other without the benefit of food, basic shelter and freedom as we know it. Additionally, the Middle East has become the epitome of hatred for anything American. The Chinese are gaining more power by the day. And just by their numbers, they threaten taking over the world. Undoubtedly, these are grave matters to those that care but exquisitely, the most threatening thing to the existence of man as God intended him is the effect that carbon has had on our environment (Delmas, Ascencio & Legrand, 1980). Have you stopped to ask yourself what your effect on the world is? Have you asked what your children will thi nk of you once they realize that you had the chance to stop their world from disappearing? (Lorius et al, 1985). Do you sleep at night with your conscience clear knowing that the car you drive or the cows you rear might be the precedence to a holocaust, the disappearance of the human being himself? Is it prudent for you to walk around minding your own things whereas the world is slowly disappearing? What is your government doing? You know, when I was young, we did not mind much about what we were doing. The world was not under a fine toothcomb as it is today. The data was simply not as in abundance as it is today. We did not have much to worry about in the most simplistic way that you may fathom. Are we justified now to assume that we do not have the power to influence our very existence? Do we have the right to carry on as f nothing major is happening? Did God design this? These are strong sentiments, but rather than just simple tag along, we must choose to act. We must see what is in front of our eyes. We must realize that our existence was not by chance but rather a design that was made by the most high. What is our problem? There are hybrid vehicles. Must we continue using the fuel that we do simply because these cost a whole lot than our normal cars? I will not say that the human race ought to take more action simply because my saying it will insinuate that they do not have the p

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Labeling Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Labeling Theory - Essay Example This theory deals with the relationship of the individual with the society. This theory is based on the concept of 'Dramatization of Evil" which argues that an individual must look at all stages of the deviant's life from childhood to adulthood, so that the individual can understand the nature of a crime. Based on the works of Tannenbaum, Howard Becker developed the theory of labeling also known as social reaction theory. Labeling theory was outlined in his 1963 book "Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance". Labeling theory was evolved in a period when there was widespread social and political power struggle which was developed within the world of college campus (pfohl). During this period many of the college students and faculty embraced liberal political movements and Becker harnessed this political influence and associated it with the labeling theory and its symbolic interaction theoretical background of Lemert. Becker has shaped his theory based on the prevailing social reaction approach of Lemert, symbolic interaction foundation of Cooley and Mead and the labeling influences of Tannenbaum and Lemert. Charles Cooley used the personal perception of individuals through studies of children and their imaginary friends to explain the human nature and the social order. The theoretical concept of Cooley was developed based on the idea of an imaginary sociability in which people are characterized to imagine the view of themselves through the eyes of other people living in the society. People based on such imaginary observations form judgments of themselves. "The main idea of the looking glass self is that people define themselves according to society's perception of them." Works of Mead combined with the ideas of Cooley formed the foundation for labeling theory and its approach to the acceptance of an individual of a label forced by the society. Pfohl is of the view that the work by Mead is more focused on the macro-level process of distinguishing the conventional and the condemned, rather than a micro-level approach on studying the deviant. Wright has observed that Mead describes the "perception of self as formed within the context of social process." The self is identified as the product of social symbols and interactions of the perception of the mind. Wright points out that the self exists in objective reality and is then internalized in to the conscious. "The idea of shifting the focus away from the individual deviant and looking at how social structure affects the separation of those persons considered unconventional has a great influence on how Becker approaches labeling theory." Frank Tannenbaum studied juvenile participation in street gangs for presenting his own approach to the labeling theory. Tannenbaum observed a different deviant behavior among the juvenile delinquents and conventional society. This different behavior causes the 'tagging' of juveniles as delinquent and separates them from mainstream society. This stigma of delinquency attached to the juveniles forces a person to move more towards deeper non-conformity. Even though Lamert does not recognize the influence of work of Tannenbaum in developing labeling theory, many other social reaction theories have been worked basing on the Tannenbaum's postulations. Edwin Lamert not quite comfortable with theories that take the concept of deviance for granted has diverted his focus on the social construction of deviance. Lamert has considered deviance as "the product society's reaction to an act and the affixing of a deviant label on the actor." According to Lamert it is the initial incidence of an